Oil palm wood flour reinforced epoxidized natural rubber composites: The effect of filler content and size

Ismail, Hanafi; Rozman, H. D.; Jaffri, R. M.; Ishak, Z. A. Mohd

doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(97)00020-7

Cited by 107 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As Figure 6 shows, the modulus decreased with increasing particle size. This finding was also reported by Ismail et al 14 This was probably because composites made from small-particle-sized fillers show better filler dispersion and filler-matrix interaction than composites made from large particles. Interaction and interfacial adhesion is normally stronger for small particles than for larger ones.…”

Section: Tensile Testingsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of filler content and size on the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer–wood fiber composites

Dikobe

Luyt

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, the main focus was on the effect of wood fiber (WF) content and particle size on the morphology and mechanical, thermal, and water-absorption properties of uncompatibilized and ethylene glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EGMA) compatibilized ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer-WF composites. For uncompatibilized composites, the tensile strength decreased with increasing WF content, whereas for compatibilized composites, the tensile strength initially decreased, but it increased for composites containing more than 5% WF. Small-WF-particle-containing composites had higher tensile strengths than composites containing larger WF particles, both in the presence and absence of EGMA. WF particle size did not seem to have much influence on the degradation behavior of the composites, whereas water absorption by the composites seemed to be higher in composites with smaller particle sizes for both compatibilized and uncompatibilized composites.

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Section: Tensile Testingsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of filler content and size on the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer–wood fiber composites

Dikobe

Luyt

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The uniformity of filler distribution efficiently hinders the chain movement during deformation which increases the stiffness of nanocomposite as well as modulus. 25 The stress-strain behaviour of virgin PC and the nanocomposites is represented in Figure 1. It is observed that virgin PC shows a % strain of 11.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Influence of nanoclays and nano-TiO2 on the mechanical and thermal properties of polycarbonate nanocomposite

et al. 2011

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Polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites were prepared using a melt intercalation technique with a series of organically modified clays and nano-TiO 2 (nTiO 2 ). The effect of the clay and nTiO 2 loading on the morphological, mechanical and thermal behavior of the PC nanocomposites was examined. The modulus enhancement was greater for the nanocomposite formed from PC with clay than the nTiO 2 nanocomposite. These nanocomposites also showed a significant decrease in tensile elongation and ductility with respect to nanoclays incorporation. The nTiO 2 nanocomposites also showed superior mechanical properties to the nanocomposite reinforced with nanoclay. The experimental results were compared with theoretical models. The thermal stability of PC and its nanocomposites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The glass transition temperature was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The incorporation of C30B improved the mechanical and thermal properties up to a 5 wt% clay loading due to polar interactions between the PC matrix and the intercalant present in the C30B nanoclay. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) showed an increase in the basal spacing of the C30B nanoclay confirming the presence of an intercalated structure. TEM confirmed the intercalation of a C30B clay layers and uniform dispersion of nTiO 2 particles in the PC matrix. The viscoelastic behavior examined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) under a periodic stress revealed the stiffness of the PC nanocomposite in the presence of clay and n-TiO 2 .

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“…The use of OPWF on epoxidized natural rubber composite was reported by Ismail et al [4]. They found that at any filler content, the larger OPWF particle shows a shorter cure and scorch time; a lower tensile strength, tensile modulus and tear strength.…”

Section: Measurement Ofimpact Strengthmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…10 explains the reason how impact strength increased in the 10 pph OPWF composite. Ismail et al [4] also found higher tear strength with filler content and suggested that the hindrance imposed by the filler to the tear path generated more resistance to crack propagation. The filler particle is also expected to absorb more energy probably because of the structure with hollow-cellulose cells and thick lignin walls (see Fig.…”

Section: Failure Modesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The effect of OPWF filler on impact strength of glass-fiber reinforced epoxy composite

Mridha

Keng²,

Ahmad

2007

J Mech Sci Technol

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In the present study, oil palm wood flour (OPWF) particles with less than 250 urn sizes have been used as filler materials in the woven-glass-fiber reinforced epoxy composite. The hybrid composites were fabricated using a hand lay-up method and cured at room temperature under a compressive load of 196 N (20 kg). The OPWF of2.5 to 10 parts per hundred (Pph) by weight was used to evaluate its effect on impact strength of the hybrid composites at a range of temperature from -50 to 50°C. The impact strength, evaluated using V-notch Charpy method, showed reduction with increasing filler content up to 5 pph and then the strength increment in those composites containing more than 5 pph OPWF. More severe damages were found in specimens with higher filler contents resulting higher energy absorption during impact. The composites with a large amount of OPWF particles deflected crack propagation paths or created obstacles at the crack tips and increased toughness of the composites. The impact strength was found to decrease when the samples fractured at subzero temperatures and this happened because of the reduction of the matrix ductility at lower temperatures.

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Oil palm wood flour reinforced epoxidized natural rubber composites: The effect of filler content and size

Cited by 107 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of filler content and size on the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer–wood fiber composites

Effect of filler content and size on the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer–wood fiber composites

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Influence of nanoclays and nano-TiO2 on the mechanical and thermal properties of polycarbonate nanocomposite

The effect of OPWF filler on impact strength of glass-fiber reinforced epoxy composite

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