Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Filled Polypropylene Composites

Wirjosentono, Basuki; Guritno, P.; Ismail, Hanafi

doi:10.1080/00914030490429942

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…244 Oil palm fiber (OPF) is the secondary product which is extracted from empty fruit bunches which were used as reinforcement in biocomposites; it is also possible to extract fibers from other parts of the tree but the yield is very low compared to that of fruit bunch. 245,246 Empty fruit bunches create waste disposal problems, while fibers can be extracted from this waste. The retting process is used to extract the fibers and water retting is most common.…”

Section: Curaua Curaua (Ananas Erectifolius)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Natural Fibers Used in Biocomposites: Plant, Animal and Regenerated Cellulose Fibers

2015

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Natural fibers today are a popular choice for applications in composite manufacturing.Based on the sustainability benefits, biofibers such as plant fibers are replacing synthetic fibers in composites. These fibers are used to manufacture several biocomposites. The chemical composition and properties of each of the fibers changes, which demands the detailed comparison of these fibers. The reinforcement potential of natural fibers and their properties have been described in numerous papers. Today, high performance biocomposites are produced from several years of research. Plant fibers, particularly bast and leaf, find applications in automotive industries. While most of the other fibers are explored in lab scales they have not yet found large-scale commercial applications. It is necessary to also consider other fibers such as ones made from seed (coir) and animals (chicken feather) as they are secondary or made from waste products. Few plant fibers such as bast fibers are often reviewed briefly but other plant and animal fibers are not discussed in detail. This review paper discusses all the six types of plant fibers such as bast, leaf, seed, straw, grass, and wood, together with animal fibers and regenerated cellulose fibers. Additionally, the review considers developments dealing with natural fibers and their composites. The fiber source, extraction, availability, type, composition, and mechanical properties are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of using each biofiber are discussed. Three fabric architectures such as nonwoven, woven and knitted have been briefly discussed. Finally, the paper presents the overview of the results from the composites made from each fiber with suitable references for in-depth studies.

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Section: Curaua Curaua (Ananas Erectifolius)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Natural Fibers Used in Biocomposites: Plant, Animal and Regenerated Cellulose Fibers

2015

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“…8 Among oil palm biomass, empty fruit bunches (EFBs), a waste material obtained after the fruits are stripped from fresh fruit bunches, is the major source of fiber, yielding 73% fiber. 9 The palm oil industry has to dispose of about 1.1 ton of EFBs for every ton of oil produced. 10 The current uses of this highly cellulosic material are as boiler fuel, in the preparation of fertilizers, or as mulching material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water absorption pattern and dimensional stability of oil palm fiber–linear low density polyethylene composites

Shinoj

Panigrahi

Visvanathan

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The water absorption pattern and associated dimensional changes and solid loss of oil palm fiber-linear low density polyethylene composites was studied. The effects of fiber size (425-840, 177-425, and 75-177 l), fiber loading (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%), and time of immersion (192 h at an interval of 24 h) on these parameters were also studied. Alkali treatment of fibers was done to reduce the hydrophilic nature of the composites and its effect was studied. It was found that the water absorption in most of the combinations followed typical Fickian behavior. The rate of water absorption and swelling increased with fiber loading. However, alkali treatment of the fibers resulted in a reduction of water absorption at higher fiber loadings only, and composites with higher fiber sizes exhibited higher water absorption. A sharp increase in the thickness swelling was observed in the initial days of immersion, which remained constant thereafter. The thickness swelling also increased with fiber size; however, a constant trend was not observed for the 75-177 l fiber size. In addition to thickness swelling, composites also expanded linearly during water absorption; however, linear expansion was considerably less than thickness swelling. Higher fiber loading and alkali treatment caused more linear expansion. We observed that maximum solid loss on water immersion occurred with small-sized and also alkali-treated fiber composites. An increase in thickness and a decrease in linear dimension were observed after one sorption-desorption cycle. This irreversible change was also found to be proportional to fiber loading and alkali treatment.

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“…The EFB is the fi brous mass left behind after the fruits are separated from fresh fruit bunches (sterilized by steam treatment at 294 kPa for 1 h). The EFB can potentially yield 73% fi bers (Wirjosentono et al ., 2004 ) and hence is preferable among the various fi ber sources in the oil palm tree in terms of availability and cost . The palm oil industry disposes of approximately 1.1 tons of EFB fi ber waste for every ton of oil produced (Karina et al ., 2008 ).…”

Section: Production and Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%