Oil and Dispersants in Canadian Seas—Recommendations from a Research Appraisal

Sprague, Jennifer; Vandermeulen, J. H.; Wells, PG

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(81)90257-5

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…According to [12] benthic organisms are particularly vulnerable to oil spills and forage the bottom sediments into most pollutants. The mortality of periwinkles may have resulted from the action of kerosene on the organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantal Response of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) after Exposure to Kerosene

Edori

2014

IJBCRR

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Periwinkles (Tympanotonus fuscatus) handpicked from the New Calabar River were acclimated to laboratory conditions in the research laboratory of the Chemistry Department of the Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt. They were subjected to concentrations (60, 90, 120, 150 and 200 ml/L) of a petroleum product, kerosene and a control to examine the effect of acute exposure on mortality of the periwinkles. The mean mortality of the periwinkles increasing with the concentration of the kerosene and the exposure time. The mean lethal concentration (96 hr LC 50 ) of the kerosene was 111.14 ml/L, while the 96 hr LC 99 was 433.94 ml/L and the probit equation at that hour, Y= -0.80 + 0.007X was significant. The mean lethal time (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantal Response of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) after Exposure to Kerosene

Edori

2014

IJBCRR

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“…Despite the improvement in the formulation of chemical dispersants from more noxious 'kerosene-based mixtures' to less toxic preparations in recent years (Singer et al, 1990), crucial information on the biological effects of these chemicals on organisms in the receiving environment is still scarce. Despite research efforts into the potential environmental impact of oil-dispersant mixtures during the past 40 years (see reviews by Lewis (1990Lewis ( , 1991Lewis ( , 1992), general information gaps still exist in certain key areas, for example, the fate and effects of oil and dispersants in the tropical region as well as the Arctic (Sprague et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two oil dispersants on phototaxis and swimming behaviour of barnacle larvae

Lam

Zhou

1997

Asia-Pacific Conference on Science and Management of Coastal Environment

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The effects of two oil dispersants (Vecom B-1425 GL and Norchem OSD-570) mixed with diesel oil on the survival and behaviour of the stage II nauplii of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite were investigated. The 24 and 48-hour LC 50 values for Vecom B-1425 GL:diesel mixture were 514 and 48 mg l 1 respectively, while respective values for Norchem OSD-570:diesel mixture were 505 and 71 mg l 1 . Under sublethal concentrations, increased levels of the dispersant:diesel mixtures caused a reduction in phototactic responses. Balanus amphitrite nauplii failed to exhibit phototactic responses when exposed to Vecom B-1425 GL:diesel mixtures of 400 mg l 1 and higher for 24 hours. A longer exposure time of 48 hours further reduced the Lowest Observable Effect Concentrations (LOECs) to 60 mg l 1 . The LOECs for Norchem OSD-570:diesel mixtures under exposure periods of 24 and 48 hours were 400 and 80 mg l 1 respectively. The curvilinear velocities (VCL) and straight-line velocities (VSL) of the stage II nauplii ranged from 0.7-1.1 and 0.2-0.4 mm s 1 respectively. Increased concentrations of dispersant:diesel mixtures caused a significant change in the curvilinear and straight-line velocities. Both oil dispersants, dispersant:diesel mixtures of 20 to 40 mg l 1 caused significant increases in VCL, but no significant change in VSL. Dispersant:diesel mixtures of 100 mg l 1 and higher resulted in a reduction in VSL for both dispersants.

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Toxicity of an oil dispersant to the early life stages of four California marine species

Singer

Smalheer

Tjeerdema

et al. 1990

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Continuous-flow toxicity tests using the oil dispersant Corex~t 9527° were performed on the early life stages of four California marine species. Newly released zoospores of the giant kelp, Macrocystispyrifera, embryos of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, 4-d-old juveniles of the mysid, Holmes~mysis costata and 10-d-old larvae of the topsmelt, Athermops affinis, were all used in triplicate 48-and 96-h tests. Quantitative verification of dispersant concentrations using UV spectrophotometry was performed twice daily during testing. Results indicated growth of kelp gametophytes was significantly reduced at <2.4 ppm after a 48-h exposure. Of the three animals tested, developing red abalone were the most sensitive (NOEC = 0.63 to 1.50 ppm; LC50 = 1.60 to 2.20 pprn). Mysid juveniles were intermediate in sensitivity (NOEC = 1.66 to 4.20 ppm; LC50 = 4.26 to 7.26 ppm), whereas topsmelt larvae were the least sensitive (NOEC = 12.27 to 14.18 ppm; LC50 = 25.51 to 40.63 ppm). Reproducibility of test data was very high (coefficient of variation = 15.7 to 27.1%).

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Oil and Dispersants in Canadian Seas—Recommendations from a Research Appraisal

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Quantal Response of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) after Exposure to Kerosene

Quantal Response of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) after Exposure to Kerosene

Effects of two oil dispersants on phototaxis and swimming behaviour of barnacle larvae

Toxicity of an oil dispersant to the early life stages of four California marine species

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