Effects of two oil dispersants on phototaxis and swimming behaviour of barnacle larvae

Abstract

The effects of two oil dispersants (Vecom B-1425 GL and Norchem OSD-570) mixed with diesel oil on the survival and behaviour of the stage II nauplii of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite were investigated. The 24 and 48-hour LC 50 values for Vecom B-1425 GL:diesel mixture were 514 and 48 mg l 1 respectively, while respective values for Norchem OSD-570:diesel mixture were 505 and 71 mg l 1 . Under sublethal concentrations, increased levels of the dispersant:diesel mixtures caused a reduction in phototactic responses. Balanus amphitrite nauplii failed to exhibit phototactic responses when exposed to Vecom B-1425 GL:diesel mixtures of 400 mg l 1 and higher for 24 hours. A longer exposure time of 48 hours further reduced the Lowest Observable Effect Concentrations (LOECs) to 60 mg l 1 . The LOECs for Norchem OSD-570:diesel mixtures under exposure periods of 24 and 48 hours were 400 and 80 mg l 1 respectively. The curvilinear velocities (VCL) and straight-line velocities (VSL) of the stage II nauplii ranged from 0.7-1.1 and 0.2-0.4 mm s 1 respectively. Increased concentrations of dispersant:diesel mixtures caused a significant change in the curvilinear and straight-line velocities. Both oil dispersants, dispersant:diesel mixtures of 20 to 40 mg l 1 caused significant increases in VCL, but no significant change in VSL. Dispersant:diesel mixtures of 100 mg l 1 and higher resulted in a reduction in VSL for both dispersants.

Adverse effects of the SSRI antidepressant sertraline on early life stages of marine invertebrates

“…These values were much lower than those found for other marine and freshwater crustaceans commonly used as ecotoxicological models such as A. salina (4080 mg/L) or D. magna (1150 mg/L) (Minguez et al, 2014a(Minguez et al, , 2014b ( Table 2). Barnacles play important ecological roles in marine coastal environments, and the impairment of important behavior traits of barnacle larvae such as motility may have an indirect effect on the coastal systems as a whole (Wu et al, 1997). This is the first evidence of analysis of SRT toxicity on A. amphitrite.…”

Effects of Exposure of Pink Shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, Larvae to Macondo Canyon 252 Crude Oil and the Corexit Dispersant

“…Others have reported similar LC 50 and EC 50 values following exposure to oil contaminants, including swimming ability, settlement behavior and burying behavior [27,31,39]. Decreased swimming behavior is likely a result of narcosis typically seen in acute toxicity of high short-term exposures to naphthalene [55].…”

“…Examples of depressed feeding responses associated with PAHs have been shown in a variety of invertebrates including rotifers, crabs, and shrimp [50][51][52]. Examples of differential phototaxic responses associated with invertebrates have been reported with crabs and barnacles [27,53]. Invertebrates, such as crabs, shrimp, and barnacles, have also been shown to exhibit erratic swimming behavior in response to oil contaminants [27,53,54] and it has been postulated that differential sensory and motor responses that resulted in differential depth distribution might affect larval distribution and recruitment via directional current activity [53].…”

Lethal and sublethal effects of oil, chemical dispersant, and dispersed oil on the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

“…'ecological death' sensu Singer et al 1998). Sublethal effects of hydrocarbons and chemical dispersants on invertebrates, including some zooplankton taxa, include altered reproduction and settlement (Singer et al 1998, Suderman & Marcus 2002, Hjorth & Nielsen 2011, Villanueva et al 2011, Goodbody-Gringley et al 2013, respiration rate (Laughlin & Neff 1981, Smith & Hargreaves 1984, growth (Laughlin & Neff 1981), feeding (Cowles & Remillard 1983a), and locomotion (Cowles & Remillard 1983b, Wu et al 1997, Seuront 2011, Cohen et al 2014. Sublethal studies of enzyme activity, including glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs), also suggest cellular detoxification pathways in zooplankton can be upregulated with hydrocarbon exposure (Lee 1988, Hansen et al 2008.…”