Offline coupling of high-speed counter-current chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry generates a two-dimensional plot of toxaphene components

Exploring the fatty acids of vernix caseosa in form of their methyl esters by off-line coupling of non-aqueous reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

“…Data analysis was performed as recently described by Kapp and Vetter [15] in the modified mode of Hauff and Vetter [14]. To Table 1 Structures, longest straight chain, GC (tR, log tR) and HPLC information, contribution to the total fatty acids and identification information for 133 fatty acids detected in vernix caseosa.…”

“…Recently, we fractionated fish oil by non-aqueous reversed phase (RP-) HPLC fractionation followed by gas chromatography coupled to electron ionization mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GC/EI-MS-SIM) analysis [14]. In order to visualize structural features, a comprehensive 2D plotting of the GC separated HPLC fractions was facilitated by the creation of a 2D-contour plot [15]. This method allowed determining the various fatty acids in fish oil virtually without co-elution.…”

Isolation of 6,9,12,15-Hexadecatetraenoic Fatty Acid (16:4n-1) Methyl Ester from Transesterified Fish Oil by HSCCC

“…The distance r between coil and coil holder shaft varied from 3.8 to 5.7 cm [21]. The revolution radius R between the coil axes and the central axis of the centrifuge was R = 7.6 cm.…”

“…A PTR Model CCC-1000 system (Pharma Tech Research Corporation, Baltimore, MD, USA) was used with a semipreparative column consisting of three serially coupled coils made of PTFE with 1.6 mm internal diameter [21,22]. The distance r between coil and coil holder shaft varied from 3.8 to 5.7 cm [21].…”

Tubing modifications for countercurrent chromatography (CCC): Stationary phase retention and separation efficiency

“…Nowadays, CCC is a well-established tool for the purification of various natural [4][5][6] and synthetic products [7] as well as for analytical purposes [8][9][10][11]. A characteristic difference of CCC from conventional liquid chromatography techniques is the absence of solid media inside the separation column which is usually necessary for the retention of the stationary phase [12,13].…”