Exploring the fatty acids of vernix caseosa in form of their methyl esters by off-line coupling of non-aqueous reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Hauff, Simone; Vetter, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.088

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We detected 167 distinct FAME species, mostly with saturated and branched chains, which is in agreement with recent report [39] showing 133 FAME in VC. FAME contained 11–31 carbons and exceptionally up to 4 double bonds (Table S3).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Newborn Boys and Girls Differ in the Lipid Composition of Vernix Caseosa

et al. 2014

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Vernix caseosa protects the skin of a human fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy and of a newborn after the delivery. Besides its cellular and proteinaceous components, an important constituent and functional agent is a complex lipid fraction, implicated in a multitude of salubrious effects of vernix caseosa. Little is known about how the chemical composition of vernix caseosa lipids is affected by various biological characteristics of the baby, such as the gestational age, birth weight, and, last but not least, the gender of the newborn. This study reports on the chemical variability of lipids contained in the vernix caseosa of twenty newborn girls and boys and shows that the quantitative patterns of the lipids are sex-specific. The specificity of lipids was investigated at the level of fatty acids in the total lipid extracts and intact lipids of several neutral lipid classes. Hydrocarbons, wax esters, cholesteryl esters, diol diesters and triacylglycerols were isolated using optimized semipreparative thin-layer chromatography, and the molecular species within each class were characterized using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Statistical evaluation revealed significant quantitative sex-related differences in the lipid composition of vernix caseosa among the newborns, pronounced in the two lipid classes associated with the activity of sebaceous glands. Higher proportions of wax esters and triacylglycerols with longer hydrocarbon chains were observed in newborn girls.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Newborn Boys and Girls Differ in the Lipid Composition of Vernix Caseosa

et al. 2014

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“…). Its performance is very close to a highly polar cyanopropyl‐polysiloxane stationary phase, such as SP‐2380 (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA), Rtx‐2330 (Restek, Bellefonte, PA, USA) and HP‐88 (Agilent, Folsom, CA, USA), which were useful in the separation of complex cis/trans FAMEs (Hauff and Vetter, ; Sánchez‐Avila et al ., ; Wu et al ., ). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the use of the SIM method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based profiling of serum fatty acids in acetaminophen‐induced liver injured rats

Xiong

Yang

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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In this study, we have developed and validated a simple, accurate and sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for simultaneous quantification of 18 fatty acids in rat serum, including both non-esterified (NEFA) and esterified (EFA) fatty acids, and subsequent analysis of fatty acid metabolic profiles. This novel method was used to evaluate the serum levels of fatty acids from vehicle- and acetaminophen (APAP)-treated rats. Serum levels of 7 NEFAs and 14 EFAs were significantly higher in APAP-treated rats 24 h after APAP administration at 1500 mg kg⁻¹ when compared with vehicle-treated controls. Control and APAP-treated rats could be differentiated based on their metabolic profiles using two different chemometric analysis methods: principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). More importantly, we identified the following NEFAs as potential biomarkers of APAP-induced liver injury: oleic acid (C18:1n9), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6). The serum concentrations of C18:1n9, C18:2n6 and C22:6n3 were all positively correlated (r > 0.8; Pearson's correlation analysis) with the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). These results suggest that a novel targeted metabolomics method based on the metabolic profiling of fatty acids analyzed by GC-MS provides exact serum concentrations of fatty acids as well as a prospective methodology to evaluate chemically induced hepatotoxicity.

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“…Therefore, we had to use PKH26-labeled liposomes instead of pulmonary surfactant in our fluorescent liposome experiments, because both pulmonary surfactant and liposomes contain considerable quantities of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (10,16). We also used BODIPY-FL C 16 instead of vernix caseosa, because palmitic acid is the main saturated fatty acid component of vernix caseosa (11,23). Vernix caseosa still contains shed keratinocytes whereas the BODIPYlabeled palmitic acid is comprised solely of lipids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palmitic acid (C16:0) is the main saturated fatty acid component of vernix caseosa (11,23). Injection of fluorescently labeled fatty acid into liposomes was performed by using a BODIPY-labeled palmitic acid (excitation wavelength 503 nm, emission wavelength 512 nm): 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-hexadecanoic acid (BODIPY-FL C 16; Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) and the Coatsome EL-01-C according to previously described methods (8,10).…”

Section: Experiments Using Two Types Of Fluorescently Labeled Liposomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among pulmonary surfactant, vernix caseosa, and intestinal enterocytes: intra-amniotic administration of fluorescently liposomes to pregnant rabbits

Nishijima

Shukunami

Yoshinari

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Although vernix caseosa is known to be a natural biofilm at birth, human pulmonary surfactant commences to remove the vernix from fetal skin into the amniotic fluid at gestational week 34, i.e., well before delivery. To explain this paradox, we first produced two types of fluorescently labeled liposomes displaying morphology similar to that of pulmonary surfactant and vernix caseosa complexes. We then continuously administered these liposomes into the amniotic fluid space of pregnant rabbits. In addition, we produced pulmonary surfactant and vernix caseosa complexes and administered them into the amniotic fluid space of pregnant rabbits. The intra-amniotic infused fluorescently labeled liposomes were absorbed into the fetal intestinal epithelium. However, the liposomes were not transported to the livers of fetal rabbits. We also revealed that continuous administration of micelles derived from pulmonary surfactants and vernix caseosa protected the small intestine of the rabbit fetus from damage due to surgical intervention. Our results indicate that pulmonary surfactant and vernix caseosa complexes in swallowed amniotic fluid might locally influence fetal intestinal enterocytes. Although the present studies are primarily observational and further studies are needed, our findings elucidate the physiological interactions among pulmonary, dermal-epidermal, and gastrointestinal developmental processes.

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Exploring the fatty acids of vernix caseosa in form of their methyl esters by off-line coupling of non-aqueous reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Newborn Boys and Girls Differ in the Lipid Composition of Vernix Caseosa

Newborn Boys and Girls Differ in the Lipid Composition of Vernix Caseosa

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based profiling of serum fatty acids in acetaminophen‐induced liver injured rats

Interactions among pulmonary surfactant, vernix caseosa, and intestinal enterocytes: intra-amniotic administration of fluorescently liposomes to pregnant rabbits

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