The OECD is a multidisciplinary intergovernmental organisation of 36 member countries which engages in its work an increasing number of non-members from all regions of the world. The Organisation's core mission today is to help governments work together towards a stronger, cleaner, fairer global economy. Through its network of 250 specialised committees and working groups, the OECD provides a setting where governments compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice, and coordinate domestic and international policies. More information available: www.oecd.org. ABOUT THE SMEs AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP PAPERS The series provides comparative evidence and analysis on SME and entrepreneurship performance and trends and on a broad range of policy areas, including SME financing, innovation, productivity, skills, internationalisation, and others. This paper is published under the responsibility of the Committee on Industry, Innovation and Entrepreneurship and the Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship of the OECD (CFE/SME(2019)6/REV1), December 2019). This study has been conducted by the OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities (CFE) at the request of the Small and Medium Business Agency (SMBA) of the Ministry of Economy and Industry of Israel and of Digital Israel National Bureau. OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s). This paper is authorised for publication by Lamia Kamal-Chaoui, Director, Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities, OECD. This document, as well as any statistical data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.