Oculomotor deficits caused by 0.06% and 0.10% blood alcohol concentrations and relationship to subjective perception of drunkenness

Fransson, Per-Anders; Modig, Fredrik; Patel, Mitesh; Gomez, Stephen; Magnusson, Måns

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.05.003

Cited by 21 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Moreover, one of the common morbidities with premature birth is severe retinopathy, which to various degree may affect vision and in worst case cause blindness if not properly treated (Eckert et al 2012). However, the complex combination of deficits observed with eyes open in this study also has many similarities with those observed under severe alcohol intoxication (Modig et al 2012), i.e., conditions under which the oculomotor functions are compromised (Fransson et al 2010). …”

Section: Elbw and Visionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Decreased postural control in adolescents born with extremely low birth weight

et al. 2015

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The survival rates of infants born preterm with extremely low birth weight (ELBW ≤ 1000 g) have gradually improved over the last decades. However, these infants risk to sustain long-term disorders related to poor neurodevelopment. The objective was to determine whether adolescents born with ELBW have decreased postural control and stability adaptation. Twenty-nine ELBW subjects performed posturography with eyes open and closed under unperturbed and perturbed standing by repeated calf vibration. Their results were compared with twenty-one age-and gender-matched controls born after full-term pregnancy. The ELBW group had significantly decreased stability compared with controls in anteroposterior direction, both during the easier quiet stance posturography (p = 0.007) and during balance perturbations (p = 0.007). The ELBW group had similar stability decrease in lateral direction during balance perturbations (p = 0.013). Statistically, the stability decreases were similar with eyes closed and open, but proportionally larger with eyes open in both directions. Both groups manifested significant adaptation (p ≤ 0.023) to the balance perturbations in anteroposterior direction, though this adaptation process could not compensate for the general stability deficits caused by ELBW on postural control. Hence, adolescent survivors of ELBW commonly suffer long-term deficits in postural control, manifested as use of substantially more recorded energy on performing stability regulating high-frequency movements and declined stability with closed and open eyes both in anteroposterior and lateral direction. The determined relationship between premature birth and long-term functional deficits advocates that interventions should be developed to provide preventive care in neonatal care units and later on in life.

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Section: Elbw and Visionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Decreased postural control in adolescents born with extremely low birth weight

et al. 2015

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“…This is consistent with a wealth of data in support of the notion that the different synaptic GABAAR subtypes mediate different functions: a1-GABAAR activation results in sedative and anticonvulsant effects, a2-GABAAR activation leads to anxiolytic and muscle relaxant effects, while the biological functions of the a3-GABAAR are as of yet unclear (Möhler, 2007;Möhler et al, 2002). EtOH at the low doses tested here had no effect on a1-GABAARmediated currents in acutely dissociated cells (Criswell et al, 2003) and did not affect SPV in monkeys (Fuster et al, 1985) while higher dosesX0.6% (E13.9 mM) resulted in SPV slowing (Fransson et al, 2010). Therefore, the lack of any SPV slowing in the EtOH o5mM (Figure 2c) condition provides further evidence that EtOH at very low doses has no significant action at the synaptic a1-GABAAR.…”

Section: Ethanol Suppresses Ltp-like Plasticity In Human M1mentioning

confidence: 86%

Deleterious Effects of a Low Amount of Ethanol on LTP-Like Plasticity in Human Cortex

Lücke

Heidegger

Röhner

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Ingesting ethanol (EtOH) at low doses during social drinking is a common human behavior for its facilitating effects on social interactions. However, low-dose EtOH may have also detrimental effects that so far are underexplored. Here we sought to test the effects of lowdose EtOH on long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in human motor cortex. Previous cellular experiments showed that low-dose EtOH potentiates extrasynaptic GABAAR and reduces NMDAR-mediated currents, processes that would limit the expression of LTP. Paired associative transcranial magnetic stimulation (PAS LTP ) was employed in nine healthy subjects for induction of LTP-like plasticity, indexed by a long-term increase in motor-evoked potential input-output curves. Synaptic a1-GABAAR function was measured by saccadic peak velocity (SPV). Very low doses of EtOH (resulting in blood concentrations of o5 mM) suppressed LTP-like plasticity but did not affect SPV when compared with a placebo condition. In contrast, 1 mg of alprazolam, a classical benzodiazepine, or 10 mg of zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, decreased SPV but did not significantly affect LTP-like plasticity when compared with placebo. This double dissociation of low-dose EtOH vs alprazolam/zolpidem effects is best explained by the putatively high affinity of EtOH but not alprazolam/zolpidem to extrasynaptic GABAARs and to NMDARs. Findings suggest that enhancement of extrasynaptic GABAARmediated tonic inhibition and/or reduction of NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission by EtOH blocks LTP-like plasticity in human cortex at very low doses that are easily reached during social drinking. Therefore, low-dose EtOH may jeopardize LTP-dependent processes, such as learning and memory formation.

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“…The present study aimed to investigate alcohol-related effects on postural control and adaptation in the descending phase at exact, pre-specified, alcohol levels using the latest generation of precise alcohol breath analyzers. This report is part of a larger study concerning the effects of alcohol on vestibular [17], oculomotor [18] and postural systems [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%