Ocular toxoplasmosis, an overview focusing on clinical aspects

Fabiani, Silvia; Caroselli, Claudio; Menchini, Martina; Gabbriellini, Gianluca; Falcone, Marco; Bruschi, Fabrizio

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106180

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Currently, there is no effective treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis capable of eradicating T. gondii infection. More than 50% of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis experience disease recurrence, which can cause progressive vision loss and decrease their quality of life 65 , 66 . Conventional therapy is based on the combination of several systemic drugs that can cause major side effects, thereby reducing patient compliance and leading to decreased treatment efficacy and increased chances of disease recurrence 65 , 66 , 67 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcomes of intravitreal treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Melo

Paiva

Fernandes-Cunha

et al. 2023

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Background: Ocular toxoplasmosis is the leading cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide, accounting for 30-50% of all cases in immunocompetent patients. Conventional treatment is associated with adverse effects and does not prevent recurrence. Intravitreal drug administration can improve disease outcomes and reduce side effects. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of intravitreal injections for treating ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: The systematic search was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar with the descriptors “ocular toxoplasmosis” AND “intravitreal”. We analyzed studies that met the inclusion criteria, i.e., experimental cases in patients treated intravitreally for ocular toxoplasmosis. Considering the systematic review, we focused on the number of intravitreal injections, the therapeutic drug class, and the presence of preexisting conditions. To assess the efficacy of intravitreal injections, a meta-analysis was performed using visual acuity, side effects, disease recurrence, and inflammatory responses as variables. Results: Intravitreal injection-induced side effects were rarely observed (0.49% [0.00, 1.51%] ). The use of antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory drugs afforded improved visual acuity (99.81% [98.60, 100.00%]) and marked effectiveness in treating ocular toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: Intravitreal injections may facilitate the successful treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. However, clinicians should carefully evaluate the presence of preexisting conditions for ocular toxoplasmosis or previous diseases, as these can impact the decision to administer intravitreal injections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcomes of intravitreal treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Melo

Paiva

Fernandes-Cunha

et al. 2023

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Amplified microglial activation, pro-inflammatory mediators, and functional deficits have previously been demonstrated through peripheral lipopolysaccharide challenge post-TBI (Carlstrom et al, 2020). Additionally, as peripheral immunosuppression and brain-gut axis dysregulation can eventuate in the aftermath of a TBI, increased susceptibility to peripheral infection and increased mortality rate can occur (Fabiani et al, 2022). Therefore, it is reasonable to predict a similar pattern of exacerbation would occur as a result of peripheral parasitic immunological stressors, among other types of peripheral infections.…”

Section: Kidneymentioning

confidence: 98%

Histopathological Examination of the Possibility of a Purrfect Neuro Inflammatory Storm Leading to Choroid Blindness and Death Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus)

Mohammadzadeh¹,

Rasuli²,

Gorgani³

et al. 2022

AAVS

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The cause of mortality in macropods like kangaroos may not always be known, and in many cases, it is difficult to determine. According to necropsy results, a male red kangaroo with a history of chronic neuro-ocular toxoplasmosis had an extensive mixed fracture of the posterior and base of the skull. Direct deep and countercoup brain bruises, independent fractures of the top and roof of both orbits, subdural hemorrhage with edema and shifting of the mid-line to the left, frontal lobe with severe hemorrhagic discharge in the ventricles, diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and exclusion of berry aneurysm in vertebral arteries, traumatic tear due to intracranial and intraspinal courses, temporal were seen. Due to unilateral brain herniation, the tonsillar hernia was associated with hemorrhage and linear necrosis rather than only bulging. The corpus callosum and fornix had small areas of hemorrhage that indicated a sign of diffuse traumatic axonal injury. In histopathology, activated microglia and reactive astrogliosis were seen. The cause of death was TBI followed by eye blindness caused by toxoplasmosis, during which was the formation of a hematoma larger than 60 mL, a primary Glasgow coma scale less than 8, and basal nucleus ganglia dysfunction. A 40-ml intracerebral hemorrhage occurred followed by severe blood aspiration and asphyxia.

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“…The disease is transmitted in humans by mother-to-child transmission, undercooked meat with latent cysts, contaminated water containing sporulated oocysts, and consumed contaminated food (Al-Malki et al,2021). Although the infection is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent people, there were a few instances of ocular symptoms such retinochoroiditis and retinitis as a result of acquired toxoplasmosis in humans, both initial infection and reactivated toxoplasmosis put immunocompromised persons at risk for severe disease (Fabiani et al,2022). If a primary infection occurs during pregnancy, immunocompetent women may develop fetal infection, which can be transmitted to the fetus (de Lima Bessa et al,2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use molecular technique to detect toxoplasmosis in placenta and aborted fetus in women in Al-Diwaniyah province

Jasim

Hussein

2022

ijhs

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The current study included the detection of Toxoplasma gondii from aborted women from Maternity and Childhood Teaching Hospital. It drew attention to the human infection rate in order to detect the differentiation them with SAG3 gene. The samples were collected during the period from October, 2021 until the end of March 2022 in AL-Qadisyah province. Total of 100 samples (placenta and fetus) were collected and send to the laboratory of veterinary medicine AL- Qadisiyah University in order to detect women with toxoplasmosis by impression method all of are positive. The present study included a molecular method to detect surface antigen 3 (SAG3) using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR), the results of the nPCR for SAG3 gene showed that 18/24 (75 %) were positive in the aborted woman. the NCBI-BLAST Homology Sequence identity (%) between local T. gondii isolated from women cases that have been deposited in the NCBI under the following accession numbers (ON240954, ON240955, ON240956, ON240957, ON240958, ON240959, ON240960, ON240961, ON240962, and ON240963) and NCBI-BLAST deposited other global strains.

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Ocular toxoplasmosis, an overview focusing on clinical aspects

Cited by 18 publications

References 115 publications

Clinical outcomes of intravitreal treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical outcomes of intravitreal treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

Histopathological Examination of the Possibility of a Purrfect Neuro Inflammatory Storm Leading to Choroid Blindness and Death Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus)

Use molecular technique to detect toxoplasmosis in placenta and aborted fetus in women in Al-Diwaniyah province

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