Ocular surface and environmental changes

Paschides, C A; Stefaniotou, Maria; Papageorgiou, J.; Skourtis, P.; Psilas, K

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0420.1998.760113.x

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In another study, an increase in relative humidity from 35% to 43% had no effect on break-up time (self-reported), although the perception that the air was dry was reduced significantly (75). It has been found that break-up time is lower in dry and warm environments than in cold and humid ones (57). Similarly, break-up time was inversely associated with increasing temperature among female nurses, in addition to dust settlement rate (possibly a proxy for airborne particles), and urban vicinity (traffic-related pollution) (58).…”

Section: Destabilization Of Tear Filmmentioning

confidence: 96%

Eye irritation and environmental factors in the office environment-hypotheses, causes and a physiological model

Wolkoff¹,

Skov²,

Franck³

et al. 2003

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Destabilization Of Tear Filmmentioning

confidence: 96%

Eye irritation and environmental factors in the office environment-hypotheses, causes and a physiological model

Wolkoff¹,

Skov²,

Franck³

et al. 2003

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…If more than one factor is involved, depending upon their characteristics they may interact at lower threshold values and induce EDED. Accordingly, the detrimental effects of environmental toxic agents on EDED epidemiology are not entirely understood (43,44,(60)(61)(62) . The impact of urban pollution and environmental toxins on the ocular surface has been evaluated in a few case-control studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is dry eye an environmental disease?

Alves¹,

Novaes²,

Morraye³

et al. 2014

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Previous studies have revealed that eye contact with either air pollutants or adverse indoor and/or outdoor environmental conditions can affect tear film composition and ocular surface components. These effects are mediated by selective binding of the environmental agents to ocular surface membrane receptors, leading to activation of pro inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim of the current review was to examine the published evidence associated with environmental factors and ocular surface disease and dry eye. Specifically, the reader will appreciate why it is possible to refer to them as mediators of Environmental Dry Eye Disease (EDED), a singular clinical entity inside DED context, directly caused by pollutants and/ or adverse climatic conditions. The indicators and clinical findings are described along with EDE differential diagnosis in its acute and the chronic phases. Based on strong existing evidence of clinical reports and epidemiological observations regarding DED and environmental factors we conclude that there is a straight cause-and-effect relationship between ambient stresses and DED. International standards and web-based tools are described for monitoring worldwide environmental conditions referring localities and populations susceptible to EDED. This information is beneficial to health providers to pinpoint the individuals and predisposed groups afflicted with DED. Such insights may not only improve the understanding and treatment of DED but also help to identify the contributing factors and lower the frequency and progression of EDED. of DED has been studied and confirmed in animal models of human DED (13)(14)(15) . KeywordsAs indicated, a healthy and pain-free ocular surface depends on identifying and eliminating factors that cause ambient humidity, airflow and purity, and temperature to intolerable levels. Such an undertaking is needed to preserve tear film qualities commensurate with ocular surface health. This is essential to sustain sufficient corneal refractive power, visual acuity, and ocular comfort (5,16,17) . A desiccating environment can lead to increase in tear film evaporation and/or decline in its turn over and clearance. These initial events lead to exposure of the ocular surface to hazardous environmental elements that trigger or exacerbate EDED symptoms. Clinical findings have shown that increased numbers of people are affected by EDED because of exposure to environmental factors ( Figure 2).Our purpose herein is to provide a critical appraisal of the clinical and epidemiological evidence indicating that DED is influenced by environmental factors. Secondly, we delineate EDED as a single clinical entity with a unique set of symptoms and clinical findings different from that of either DED or other diseases, such as Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes mellitus or drug induced, allergic conjunctivitis, toxic or irritative conjunctivitis, and actinic keratitis. Moreover, we will describe standard tools used to monitor environmental conditions and discuss their relevance in EDED ep...

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“…Although there is increasing awareness of postoperative dry eye syndrome [15] the preoperative evaluation is still not sufficiently standardized in order to establish successful preoperative treatment of tear fluid insufficiencies prior to surgery both in cataract [15], glaucoma and laser surgery. Preoperative surface alterations will enhance the likelihood of postoperative dry eye complaints and changes when they combine with peri-operatively introduced known DED triggering factors such as mechanical forces aging, thermic and phototoxic effects and chemical toxicity of glaucoma treatment [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandbank Epitheliopathy of the Conjunctiva (SEC) A New Indicator in Dry Eye Diagnostics Useful for Optimized Ocular Surgery

Setten¹

2017

J Eye Cataract Surg

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Introduction: Increasing awareness of the importance of dry eye disease for the outcome of ocular surgery does emphasize the need for facilitated diagnostic of the ocular surface condition. Currently, corneal fluorescein staining is usually evaluated using the modified Oxford scale in which conjunctival staining is of minor importance and, based on the counting of dots, difficult to assess. We searched an alternative, easily accessible rating option to evaluate conjunctival changes associated with dry eye disease.

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Ocular surface and environmental changes

Cited by 54 publications

References 4 publications

Eye irritation and environmental factors in the office environment-hypotheses, causes and a physiological model

Eye irritation and environmental factors in the office environment-hypotheses, causes and a physiological model

Is dry eye an environmental disease?

Sandbank Epitheliopathy of the Conjunctiva (SEC) A New Indicator in Dry Eye Diagnostics Useful for Optimized Ocular Surgery

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