Ocular Signs and Prognosis in Subdural and Subarachnoid Bleeding in Young Children

Hollenhorst, Robert W.; Stein, Harold

doi:10.1001/archopht.1958.00940080201002

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover retinal haemorrhage in the newborn is sufficiently common, to make it most unlikely that it usually indicated injury to the central nervous system. However, in view of the well-known association between subarachnoid and subhyaloid haemorrhage after head injury it is likely that infants with major intracranial bleeding after birth may have retinal haemorrhages as well (Hollenhorst and Stein, 1958).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal and Conjunctival Haemorrhage in the Newborn

Baum¹,

Bulpitt²

1970

Archives of Disease in Childhood

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. (1970). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 45, 344. Retinal and conjunctival haemorrhage in the newborn. Two hundred and thirty newborn infants were examined for retinal and conjunctival haemorrhages. Retinal photographs were taken in selected cases to record the morphological varieties and the different rates of disappearance of the retinal haemorrhages.The incidence of retinal and conjunctival haemorrhages was studied in relation to a number of possible aetiological factors. In the case of retinal haemorrhages we did not identify the critical factor or factors that determine their occurrence. Neither cephalic venous congestion, nor a coagulation defect, nor birth asphyxia was associated with retinal haemorrhages. It is likely that they are of multifactorial origin, and it is suggested that blood viscosity may be an important contributory factor.In contrast, conjunctival haemorrhages occurred in association with multiparity, rapid second stage of labour, Negro race, high Apgar score, and relatively high birthweight, head circumference, and gestational age. In addition the occurrence of conjunctival haemorrhage as part of the picture of 'traumatic cyanosis' suggests that these lesions do result from changes in cephalic venous pressure.The first practical ophthalmoscope was introduced by Helmholtz in 1850. Eleven years later Jaeger first described retinal haemorrhages in newborn infants (Jaeger,1861). Many studies have since been made concerning the incidence, morphology, aetiology, and significance of these haemorrhages

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal and Conjunctival Haemorrhage in the Newborn

Baum¹,

Bulpitt²

1970

Archives of Disease in Childhood

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The finding of retinal or subhyaloid haemorrhage in early life is strongly suggestive of subdural haematoma or subarachnoid haemorrhages; thus, Hollenhorst and Stein (1958) found intraocular haemorrhages in 28 cases (60%) of 47 proven cases of subdural haematoma, subdural hygroma, and subarachnoid haemorrhage in young childern.…”

Section: Review Of Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on retinal haemorrhages in the newborn.

Critchley¹

1968

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The association between RH and subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhage was noted long before child abuse was recognized by ophthalmologists. 2,3 In 1971, Guthkelch 4 was the first to describe RH in the setting of abusive "shaking." The following year, in the first of 2 landmark articles, Caffey 5,6 began discussion about what would later be known as shaken-baby syndrome, a form of abusive head trauma (AHT) characterized by the application of repeated accelerationdeceleration forces with or without evidence of blunt head impact.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Hemorrhage in Abusive Head Trauma

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Retinal hemorrhage is a cardinal manifestation of abusive head trauma. Over the 30 years since the recognition of this association, multiple streams of research, including clinical, postmortem, animal, mechanical, and finite element studies, have created a robust understanding of the clinical features, diagnostic importance, differential diagnosis, and pathophysiology of this finding. The importance of describing the hemorrhages adequately is paramount in ensuring accurate and complete differential diagnosis. Challenges remain in developing models that adequately replicate the forces required to cause retinal hemorrhage in children. Although questions, such as the effect of increased intracranial pressure, hypoxia, and impact, are still raised (particularly in court), clinicians can confidently rely on a large and solid evidence base when assessing the implications of retinal hemorrhage in children with concern of possible child abuse.

show abstract

Ocular Signs and Prognosis in Subdural and Subarachnoid Bleeding in Young Children

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Retinal and Conjunctival Haemorrhage in the Newborn

Retinal and Conjunctival Haemorrhage in the Newborn

Observations on retinal haemorrhages in the newborn.

Retinal Hemorrhage in Abusive Head Trauma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About