Observations on retinal haemorrhages in the newborn.

Critchley, E. M. R.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.31.3.259

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Discussion The population studied was somewhat selected, as 150 of the 230 were infants from the special care baby unit, 116 of whom weighed less than 2500 g. In the first 12 hours of life the incidence of retinal haemorrhage in this series was 31%. This compares with the reported incidence at 24 hours in unselected populations, which ranges from 12% (Critchley, 1968) to 46% (Coburn, 1904). The fall in incidence with age has previously been noted by Giles (1960), Jain and Gupta (1965), and others.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Many studies have since been made concerning the incidence, morphology, aetiology, and significance of these haemorrhages (Richman, 1936;McKeown, 1941;Giles, 1960;Sanchez Ibaiiez, Belmonte Gonzalez, and Navarro Martinez, 1963;Jain and Gupta, 1965;Schenker and Gombos, 1966;Krauer-Mayer, 1966;Neuweiler and Onwudiwe, 1967). An excellent review is given by Critchley (1968). We have not been able to find any previous study on the incidence and pathogenesis of conjunctival haemorrhages.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Retinal and Conjunctival Haemorrhage in the Newborn

Baum¹,

Bulpitt²

1970

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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. (1970). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 45, 344. Retinal and conjunctival haemorrhage in the newborn. Two hundred and thirty newborn infants were examined for retinal and conjunctival haemorrhages. Retinal photographs were taken in selected cases to record the morphological varieties and the different rates of disappearance of the retinal haemorrhages.The incidence of retinal and conjunctival haemorrhages was studied in relation to a number of possible aetiological factors. In the case of retinal haemorrhages we did not identify the critical factor or factors that determine their occurrence. Neither cephalic venous congestion, nor a coagulation defect, nor birth asphyxia was associated with retinal haemorrhages. It is likely that they are of multifactorial origin, and it is suggested that blood viscosity may be an important contributory factor.In contrast, conjunctival haemorrhages occurred in association with multiparity, rapid second stage of labour, Negro race, high Apgar score, and relatively high birthweight, head circumference, and gestational age. In addition the occurrence of conjunctival haemorrhage as part of the picture of 'traumatic cyanosis' suggests that these lesions do result from changes in cephalic venous pressure.The first practical ophthalmoscope was introduced by Helmholtz in 1850. Eleven years later Jaeger first described retinal haemorrhages in newborn infants (Jaeger,1861). Many studies have since been made concerning the incidence, morphology, aetiology, and significance of these haemorrhages

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 54%

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confidence: 99%

Retinal and Conjunctival Haemorrhage in the Newborn

Baum¹,

Bulpitt²

1970

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…However, the findings were in keeping with the results obtained by Edgerton (1934), McKeown (1941) and Baum and Bulpitt (1970) who noted no difference in the incidence with regard to sex of the baby. As regards birth weight, the greater frequency in larger birth weight babies was in conformity with the findings of Edgerton (1934) and Critchley (1968). Davis (1926) expressed the view that in the majority of labor the left side of the face is directed towards the sacral promontory and pressure is likely to develop in this region, thereby giving an increased frequency of retinal haemorrhages in the left eye.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…No significant difference in the incidence of retial haemorrhages was noted with regard to the sex of the baby, the incidence in males at 12.04% being marginally higher than in females at 11.94%. Surprisingly, the incidence of retinal haemorrhages in babies with a smaller head circumference was greater than those with weight where heavier babies showed a greater frequency of found a greater frequency of haemorrhages in males because of their greater cephalic measurements and the same result was highlighted by Critchley (1968) who obtained a marked difference, the male-female ratio being 21:8. However, the findings were in keeping with the results obtained by Edgerton (1934), McKeown (1941) and Baum and Bulpitt (1970) who noted no difference in the incidence with regard to sex of the baby.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Retinal Haemorrhages in the Newborn

Nemivant¹,

Bhalerao²

2015

jemds

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“…Experience of the examiner, mode of examination (direct versus indirect ophthalmoscopy), and use of a speculum are also thought to contribute to this variation. 1,2,5 The incidence varies with mode of delivery. They occur most frequently in those delivered by vacuum extraction (75%); 33% in those delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery; and 6.7% by cesarean section.…”

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confidence: 99%