Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

Ocular manifestations of systemic disease in horses

“…Bacterial meningitis (Smith et al 2004), equine protozoal meningoencephalitis (Furr et al 2002), neosporosis (Lindsey et al 1996), Togaviral encephalitides (Lavach 1992;Hahn et al 1999), rabies (Hahn et al 1999), West Nile virus myeloencephalitis (Schuler et al 2004), Japanese encephalitis (Hale and Witherington 1953), herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (Donaldson and Sweeney 1998) and cerebral infection with Halicephalobus deletrix (Spalding et al 1990) have been associated with central blindness. Bacterial meningitis (Smith et al 2004), equine protozoal meningoencephalitis (Furr et al 2002), neosporosis (Lindsey et al 1996), Togaviral encephalitides (Lavach 1992;Hahn et al 1999), rabies (Hahn et al 1999), West Nile virus myeloencephalitis (Schuler et al 2004), Japanese encephalitis (Hale and Witherington 1953), herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (Donaldson and Sweeney 1998) and cerebral infection with Halicephalobus deletrix (Spalding et al 1990) have been associated with central blindness.…”

“…For example, horses affected by equine viral arteritis (EVA) may develop seromucoid ocular discharge, conjunctivitis and palpebral oedema consequent to panvasculitis (Lavach 1992). For example, horses affected by equine viral arteritis (EVA) may develop seromucoid ocular discharge, conjunctivitis and palpebral oedema consequent to panvasculitis (Lavach 1992).…”

“…Infectious uveitis is due to haematogenous spread of bacteria to the eye from extra-ocular tissues and both eyes may be affected (Colitz and Davis 2005). or Rhodococcus equi (Lavach 1992). or Rhodococcus equi (Lavach 1992).…”

“…Malignant lymphoma is most commonly diagnosed and clinical findings depend on structures involved and the extent of metastasis. Other reported manifestations of ocular lymphoma are uveitis, corneoscleral masses, third eyelid masses, glaucoma, vitreal haemorrhage, retinal detachment and diffuse retrobulbar infiltrates (Lavach 1992;Rebhun and Del Piero 1998;Germann et al 2008). Most commonly, ocular lymphoma of horses involves palpebral tissues (Murphy et al 1989;Rebhun and Del Piero 1998).…”

“…Reported ocular findings in horses with multiple myeloma include uveitis, intraocular and scleral haemorrhage, retinal detachment and blindness (MacAllister et al 1987;Henry et al 1989;Lavach 1992). Reported ocular findings in horses with multiple myeloma include uveitis, intraocular and scleral haemorrhage, retinal detachment and blindness (MacAllister et al 1987;Henry et al 1989;Lavach 1992).…”