Ocular manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis

Melamed, J.; Eckert, Gabriela Unchalo; Spadoni, Viviane Souto; Lago, Eleonor Gastal; Uberti, Flavio Antonio de Freitas

doi:10.1038/eye.2009.140

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The population of T. gondii in Brazil is highly diverse, with a few successful clonal lineages that have expanded into wide geographical areas, in contrast to North America and Europe, where the Type II clonal lineage is overwhelmingly predominant. In South America, ocular involvement in congenital toxoplasmosis is more frequent than in other locations around the world 4 . Carneiro et al 5 indicated that a significant proportion of congenital toxoplasmosis cases (62.5%, 15/24) was caused by T. gondii genotypes that were previously reported in animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis: an examination of knowledge among health professionals and pregnant women in a municipality of the State of Paraná

Toninato

Marchioro

Ferreira

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of toxoplasmosis among professionals and pregnant women in the public health services in Paraná, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional observational and transversal study of 80 health professionals (44 nurses and 36 physicians) and 330 pregnant women [111 immunoglobulin M (IgM)-and IgG-non-reactive and 219 IgG-reactive] was conducted in 2010. An epidemiological data questionnaire was administered to the professionals and to the pregnant women, and a questionnaire about the clinical aspects and laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was administered to the professionals. Results: The participants frequently provided correct responses about prophylactic measures. Regarding the clinical and laboratory aspects, the physicians provided more correct responses and discussed toxoplasmosis with the pregnant women. The professionals had diffi culty interpreting the avidity test results, and the physicians stated that they referred pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies to a county reference center. Of the professionals, 53 (91.4%) reported that they instructed women during prenatal care, but only 54 (48.6%) at-risk pregnant women and 99 (45.2%) women who were not at risk reported receiving information about preventive measures. The physicians provided verbal instructions to 120 (78.4%) women, although instructional materials were available in the county. The pregnant women generally lacked knowledge about preventive measures for congenital toxoplasmosis, but the at-risk pregnant women tended to respond correctly. Conclusions: This study provides data to direct public health policies regarding the importance of updating the knowledge of primary care professionals. Mechanisms should be developed to increase public knowledge because prophylactic strategies are important for preventing congenital toxoplasmosis.

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confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis: an examination of knowledge among health professionals and pregnant women in a municipality of the State of Paraná

Toninato

Marchioro

Ferreira

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…This was particularly the case in the current study where all the eyes with low vision 22 (67%) and blindness 11 (33%) had retinal lesions at the posterior pole. A study from Brazil found that the major cause of visual disability was papillomacular bundle area lesions, occurring in 76.3% [18]. Another study found the main (67.9%) contribution to vision loss in inactive lesions to be macular scars [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Outcome in Ocular Toxoplasmosis: A Case Series of 30 Patients from Ghana

Abu¹,

Boampong²,

Afoakwah³

2015

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To determine visual outcome (low vision and blindness) in patients with inactive ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods:This study employed a cross sectional design involving a series of 30 patients with inactive toxoplasmic ocular lesions. Ophthalmic assessment including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed on all participants. Ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on characteristic retinal lesions in addition to a positive serologic testing using commercial ELISA kits. Visual impairment (VI) was determined based on the International Classification of Diseases.Results: Their ages ranged from 16-59 years (mean age of 34.2 ± 14.19), with 19 (63.3%) males and 11 (36.7%) females. There were 33 infected eyes in all (3 patients had bilateral cases). The most common complaint (77%) was blurred vision in the infected eyes. 11 (33%) eyes had mild or no visual impairment (VI category 1), 22 (67%) eyes had low vision (VA<6/18), and 11 (33%) eyes were blind (VA<3/60). Posterior pole (p<0.001) and larger retinal lesions (p=0.04) were the major causes of visual impairment. However, there was no association between visual impairment and the number of lesions occurring in the infected eyes (χ 2 =3.52, p=0.11). Older patient age was significantly associated with: posterior pole lesions (0.003), larger retinal lesion sizes (p=0.001) and multiple lesions (p=0.001). Only three cases each of strabismus and bilateral involvement suggest that acquired infection is more common in this Ghanaian population. Conclusion:Low vision and blindness were common in Toxoplasma eye infection in our Ghanaian population and that posterior pole and larger retinal lesions rather than multiple lesions were the major causes of reduced vision.

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“…With a more detailed assessment, they may show changes such as intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities and retinochoroiditis scarring 8,9 . Toxoplasmosis is known as a major cause of perinatal morbidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and perceptions on toxoplasmosis among pregnant women and nurses who provide prenatal in primary care

Sousa

Corrêa

Aquino

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Background Toxoplasmosis is an infection that affects almost a third of the world population. In adults, it is often asymptomatic, although having important manifestation in children- infected by placental transmission. The prenatal is an important moment, requiring actions in women’s care during pregnancy, in order to prevent diseases that could compromise the mother and the child’s life.Methods This is a descriptive study of qualitative approach aimed to understand the perception of nurses and pregnant women about toxoplasmosis during primary – prenatal care. The study was conducted in five selected primary health care units, in the municipality of São Luis - MA. The sample consisted of 15 nurses working in nursing consultation and 15 pregnant women attended in prenatal care. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire and an interview guide covering issues related to knowledge and conduct on toxoplasmosis were used. For analysis, the content analysis technique was used.Results The answers were transcribed, organized and grouped thematically, where the following categories emerged: knowledge about examination requests; knowledge about toxoplasmosis; guidance during prenatal consultation; knowledge of nurses about the avidity test; procedures and guidelines on reagent cases. Pregnant women showed unawareness about toxoplasmosis and its effects. Nurses, although having basic knowledge about the subject, showed little applicability regarding pregnant women’s guidance.Conclusion The nurse plays an important role in educational activities regarding pregnant women, contributing to the quality of prenatal care. Pregnant women were shown to have some knowledge about toxoplasmosis, although they said they did not have assurance about prevention.

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Ocular manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis

Cited by 54 publications

References 32 publications

Toxoplasmosis: an examination of knowledge among health professionals and pregnant women in a municipality of the State of Paraná

Toxoplasmosis: an examination of knowledge among health professionals and pregnant women in a municipality of the State of Paraná

Visual Outcome in Ocular Toxoplasmosis: A Case Series of 30 Patients from Ghana

Knowledge and perceptions on toxoplasmosis among pregnant women and nurses who provide prenatal in primary care

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