Ocular involvement and complications of lichen planus, lichen planus pigmentosus, and lichen planopilaris: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Ocular involvement of lichenoid dermatoses, such as lichen planus (LP), lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP), and lichen planopilaris (LPL), although uncommon, is associated with skin manifestations. Isolated ocular involvement is very rare.When lesions are confined to the skin, the dermatologist inquires and evaluates for oral and genital symptoms and lesions, respectively; hence, eye manifestations are commonly neglected by the non-ophthalmologist. Ocular involvement in LP, LPP, and LPL may result in significant morbidity. An ophthalmic interrogatory and a gross ophthalmic evaluation performed by the dermatologist may unravel ocular signs and symptoms that require evaluation by an eye specialist. Ocular surface inflammation and scarring, when untreated, results in serious complications such as corneal perforation and permanent vision loss. This review aims to present an up-to-date overview for the dermatologist of the ocular involvement

A Practical Approach to Severity Classification and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Proposal from the Mexican Dry Eye Disease Expert Panel

“…The same referral applies for patients with severe DED due to cicatrizing conjunctivitis (ie, erythema multiforme, ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid, lichen planus) and other complex cases. 151 …”

Isolated corneal involvement by Lichen Planus - multi-modal evaluation

“…2 Ocular involvement from LP is rare and usually presents with concomitant mucous/cutaneous manifestations. 3 Hence, the diagnosis is frequently delayed and usually made by the dermatologist, rheumatologist or oral surgeon, not by the ophthalmologist. Nevertheless, LP may cause significant and irreversible changes in the integrity of the ocular surface such as symblepharon, corneal neovascularization and lacrimal drainage stenosis.…”

“…Nevertheless, LP may cause significant and irreversible changes in the integrity of the ocular surface such as symblepharon, corneal neovascularization and lacrimal drainage stenosis. 3 Corneal epithelial lesions, although rare, are often accompanied by conjunctival cicatrization. Therefore, it was not clear whether keratitis is a primary or secondary manifestation of the disease.…”

“…Therefore, it was not clear whether keratitis is a primary or secondary manifestation of the disease. 2,3 We present a case of ocular LP in which timely diagnosis was made with multimodal imaging with Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) with successful management of disease activity.…”

Comparative Characteristics of Indicators of Neuroendocrine Regulation in Patients With Lichenoid Dermatoses

“…Останніми десятиріччями спостерігається еволюція клінічних проявів як П, так і ЧПЛ: все частіше зустрічаються атипові та стерті форми, резистентні до традиційної терапії, що є результатом впливу як зовнішніх так і внутрішніх факторів, серед яких певної уваги заслуговують нейроендокринні розлади [9,[11][12][13][14]. Сучасна наука вважає шкіру потужним імунним органом, тісно пов'язаним з нейроендокринною системою, що відіграє суттєву роль у розвитку запалення при ліхеноїдних дерматозах.…”