Ocular Injuries and Diseases at a Combat Support Hospital in Support of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm

Heier, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1993.01090060083028

Cited by 70 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, in the Vietnam War, between 5% and 9% of all injuries were eye related. 3 In the Gulf War, Heier and associates 4 observed that 13% of all injuries were ocular, although this report included patients who suffered mild injuries. The effect of the Gulf War was shown in our peak of injuries in March 1991 (Figures 2 and 3), which was the time of peak deployment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…3 Two recent case series of ocular injury sustained by the United States Army during the recent Gulf War highlight some of the causes and types of injuries seen during wartime. 4 ' 5 In peacetime, however, there are few data available on the magnitude of this problem. In two reports, the proportion of ocular injuries among soldiers has been observed to be between 1.7% and 2.4% of all training injuries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular trauma in the United States Army: hospitalization records from 1985 through 1994

Wong

Smith

Lincoln

et al. 2000

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular trauma in the United States Army: hospitalization records from 1985 through 1994

Wong

Smith

Lincoln

et al. 2000

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Of 207 severe eye injuries in a report of military casualties in OIF, 82 percent were caused by blast and blast fragmentation [14]. Eye injuries accounted for 13 percent (19/149) of all battlefield injuries seen at a combat support hospital during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye and visual function in traumatic brain injury

Cockerham¹,

Goodrich²,

Weichel³

et al. 2009

JRRD

142

107

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Abstract-Combat blast is an important cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the Department of Veterans Affairs polytrauma population, whereas common causes of TBI in the civilian sector include motor vehicle accidents and falls. Known visual consequences of civilian TBI include compromised visual acuity, visual fields, and oculomotor function. The visual consequences of TBI related to blast remain largely unknown. Blast injury may include open globe (eye) injury, which is usually detected and managed early in the rehabilitation journey. The incidence, locations, and types of ocular damage in eyes without open globe injury after exposure to powerful blast have not been systematically studied. Initial reports and preliminary data suggest that binocular function, visual fields, and other aspects of visual function may be impaired after blast-related TBI, despite relatively normal visual acuity. Damage to the ocular tissues may occur from blunt trauma without rupture or penetration (closed globe injury). Possible areas for research are development of common taxonomy and assessment tools across services, surgical management, and outcomes for blast-related eye injury; the incidence, locations, and natural history of closed globe injury; binocular and visual function impairment; quality of life in affected servicemembers; pharmacological and visual therapies; and practice patterns for screening, management, and rehabilitation.

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“…70 More studies are needed to determine how usage rates for eye protection actually vary among demographic subgroups within high-risk occupational groups and how to improve usage rates as compliance is often low despite availability of good equipment. 36,[55][56][57]62 It is also important to collect information on usage of eye-wear at the time of the injury and to evaluate if current standards for eye protection are appropriate for the tasks involved, including those for off-the-job activities such as sports. Preventive measures should be directed at both highrisk activities and at specific demographic groups, including factors influencing the use of protective eye-wear in these groups and mandating use when indicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Occupation Explain Gender and Other Differences in Work-Related Eye Injury Hospitalization Rates?

Smith

Lincoln

Wong

et al. 2005

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Objective-We sought to determine whether demographic differences in eye injury rates persist after adjusting for occupational exposure.Methods-On-duty eye injury hospitalizations were linked to occupation among active-duty US Army personnel.Results-Eye injury rates were higher for white solidiers, men, and for younger soldiers, even after adjusting for occupational group and specific job titles using multivariate models.Conclusions-This finding contrasts with studies of other injuries, suggesting that occupation does not fully account for variations in eye injury risk. Because protective eyewear can prevent most serious eye injuries, we hypothesize that differences in protective eyewear use between men and women may contribute to differences in eye injury rates, although follow-up studies are needed to confirm this. Prevention efforts should consider targeting high-risk demographic groups in addition to high-risk occupations.Occupational injuries are important causes of preventable morbidity and long-term disabilities in working adults in the United States. Studies of occupational injuries have shown wide variations in injury rates by type of occupation, gender, and other demographic factors. Excess injury rates typically are seen in men, younger individuals, and certain racial groups. 1-6 Although it is assumed that differences in occupational exposures may explain in part these disparities, it is not clear the extent to which these variations are caused by differences in behavior (eg, men take greater risks) or caused by differences in exposure to hazardous conditions and occupations (eg, men are more likely to work in "high-risk" occupations). Thus, the extent to which specific occupational exposure is a confounder of the demographic patterns of trauma has not been adequately addressed. Understanding these factors will aid in more effective and targeted injury prevention strategies for those in high-risk occupations.Address correspondence to: Gordon S. Smith, MB, ChB, MPH, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, 71 Frankland Road, Hopkinton, MA 01748; E-mail: gordon.smith@libertymutual.com. Gordon Smith has no commercial interest related to this article. This article was co-written by an officer or employee of the US Government as part of their official duties and is therefore not subject to U.S. copyright. However, a major challenge facing researchers is how to separate out the influence of risk behaviors from the effects of occupational exposures because accurate information on work exposures is difficult to obtain. Studies that examine work injury risks in broad occupational groups (eg, metal industry or automotive industry) often do not have enough specific information on work tasks and occupational risk. As a result, residual confounding may limit the inferences that can be made about demographic and behavioral risk factors. In fact, some studies that were able to adjust for occupational exposure have shown that demographic risk patterns apparent in unadjusted models may even be reversed on...

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Ocular Injuries and Diseases at a Combat Support Hospital in Support of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm

Cited by 70 publications

References 8 publications

Ocular trauma in the United States Army: hospitalization records from 1985 through 1994

Ocular trauma in the United States Army: hospitalization records from 1985 through 1994

Eye and visual function in traumatic brain injury

Does Occupation Explain Gender and Other Differences in Work-Related Eye Injury Hospitalization Rates?

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