Ocular trauma in the United States Army: hospitalization records from 1985 through 1994

Wong, Tien Yin; Smith, Gordon S.; Lincoln, Andrew E.; Tielsch, James M.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(99)00448-1

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most studies in the existing literature have shown that male patients formed the overwhelming majority of patients presenting with eye injuries, ranging from 70% to 87% of all ocular trauma. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Similar to the literature, 83% of the patients in the present study were male and the mean age was 34.16 years, and this corresponds to most other studies, which reported a mean age of about 30 years. [4,6,10,11] When we considered the setting of the injury, 72.1% of the patients had work-related injuries, and this result is similar to the preexisting literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Foreign body traumas of the eye managed in an emergency department of a single-institution

Yiğit¹,

Yürüktümen²,

Arslan³

2012

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg

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AMAÇYüzeysel korneal yabancı cisimler acil servise sık başvu-ran olgulardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, acil servise yabancı cisimlerle oluşan göz travmasıyla başvuran olguları tanımlamak ve göz travmasının önlenmesi ve acil servis yö-netim stratejilerini tartışmaktır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEMÇalışma geçmiş iki yılın kayıtları incelenerek geriye dönük olarak yapıldı. Demografik bilgiler, yaralanma zamanı, yaralanma tipi (açık veya kapalı glob yaralanması), yabancı cismin ne olduğu, hastane yatış ve oftalmoloji konsültasyo-nu varlığı, uygulanan tedaviler ve geç dönemde görülen kalıcı hasarlar kaydedildi. BULGULARToplam 476 hasta çalışmaya alındı, hastaların %83'ü erkekti, ortalama yaş 34,16±14,02 idi. Yaralanmaların %9,7'si açık glob yaralanması iken, kalanlar yüzeysel yabancı cisim bulunan veya bulunmayan kapalı yaralanmalardı. En sık görü-len yabancı cisimler metal çapakları (%37,6) ve toz (%31,1) olarak saptandı. Hastaların çoğunda (%72,1) iş yerinde yaralanma söz konusuydu. Hastaların %42,4'ü oftalmoloji ile konsülte edilirken, diğer hastalar acil tıp asistan ve uzmanları tarafından tedavi edildi. Hastaların %10'u hastaneye yatırıldı ve %2,3'ünde uzun dönemde komplikasyon görüldü. SONUÇGöz yabancı cisim travmaları en çok genç sağlıklı erkeklerin, iş nedenli yaralanmaları olarak oluşmaktadır. Çok sayıda göz travması acil servislerde görüldüğü için, acil servis hekimleri yüzeysel korneal yabancı cisimlerin tanın-ması, tedavisi ve yönetimi konusunda eğitilmelidir.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Foreign body traumas of the eye managed in an emergency department of a single-institution

Yiğit¹,

Yürüktümen²,

Arslan³

2012

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg

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“…17 In the study of training injuries by Bell et al, an excess risk among white female soldiers as compared to black female soldiers was reported (RR 1.31, 95% CI = 0.98-1.94), 33 comparable to our study of eye injuries, and this difference persisted even when adjusting for physical fitness. The rates were also higher among white male trainees than black, but did not achieve statistical significance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…17,20 Previous studies documenting excess injury risk in men often attribute the difference to variations in occupational exposure to risk. 1,3,6,7,13,[15][16][17]27 Those studies of occupational injury risk that have attempted to adjust for exposure use either rather broad occupational titles to adjust for job exposure 9,13,28,29 or examine groups of men and women doing the same task. 7,15 However, few studies have been able to do refined adjustments in controlled occupational environments as in the military, as most studies have to rely on only job titles as a surrogate for job exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In an earlier study of eye injuries in the US Army, we found large differences in hospitalization rates for eye injury by gender, age, and race/ethnicity groups, with young, white males generally experiencing greatest risk of ocular trauma. 17 Because reliable occupational exposure data were not available, we were unable to control for occupational exposure. Recent advances in data linkage capabilities now allow us to examine risk by specific occupational subtypes doing the same job.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Occupation Explain Gender and Other Differences in Work-Related Eye Injury Hospitalization Rates?

Smith

Lincoln

Wong

et al. 2005

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Objective-We sought to determine whether demographic differences in eye injury rates persist after adjusting for occupational exposure.Methods-On-duty eye injury hospitalizations were linked to occupation among active-duty US Army personnel.Results-Eye injury rates were higher for white solidiers, men, and for younger soldiers, even after adjusting for occupational group and specific job titles using multivariate models.Conclusions-This finding contrasts with studies of other injuries, suggesting that occupation does not fully account for variations in eye injury risk. Because protective eyewear can prevent most serious eye injuries, we hypothesize that differences in protective eyewear use between men and women may contribute to differences in eye injury rates, although follow-up studies are needed to confirm this. Prevention efforts should consider targeting high-risk demographic groups in addition to high-risk occupations.Occupational injuries are important causes of preventable morbidity and long-term disabilities in working adults in the United States. Studies of occupational injuries have shown wide variations in injury rates by type of occupation, gender, and other demographic factors. Excess injury rates typically are seen in men, younger individuals, and certain racial groups. 1-6 Although it is assumed that differences in occupational exposures may explain in part these disparities, it is not clear the extent to which these variations are caused by differences in behavior (eg, men take greater risks) or caused by differences in exposure to hazardous conditions and occupations (eg, men are more likely to work in "high-risk" occupations). Thus, the extent to which specific occupational exposure is a confounder of the demographic patterns of trauma has not been adequately addressed. Understanding these factors will aid in more effective and targeted injury prevention strategies for those in high-risk occupations.Address correspondence to: Gordon S. Smith, MB, ChB, MPH, Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, 71 Frankland Road, Hopkinton, MA 01748; E-mail: gordon.smith@libertymutual.com. Gordon Smith has no commercial interest related to this article. This article was co-written by an officer or employee of the US Government as part of their official duties and is therefore not subject to U.S. copyright. However, a major challenge facing researchers is how to separate out the influence of risk behaviors from the effects of occupational exposures because accurate information on work exposures is difficult to obtain. Studies that examine work injury risks in broad occupational groups (eg, metal industry or automotive industry) often do not have enough specific information on work tasks and occupational risk. As a result, residual confounding may limit the inferences that can be made about demographic and behavioral risk factors. In fact, some studies that were able to adjust for occupational exposure have shown that demographic risk patterns apparent in unadjusted models may even be reversed on...

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“…Finally, 3 studies were conducted among military populations. 14,15,18 Thus, it is difficult to compare our rate with those reported in the existing literature.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 90%

Incidence of Emergency Department–Treated Eye Injury in the United States

McGwin¹

2005

Arch Ophthalmol

147

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To present the descriptive epidemiology of emergency department-treated eye injury in the United States.Methods: Data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program was used to estimate the number of patients treated in US emergency departments for eye injuries. Eye injury rates were calculated according to age, sex, and race, and characteristics of the injury event were determined.Results: The rate of emergency department-treated eye injury in the United States is 3.15 per 1000 population (95% confidence interval, 2.66-3.63). Rates were highest among those in their 20s and 30s, among males, and among American Indians and African Americans. The majority of injuries occurred in the home, and contusions and abrasions were the most common types of injury. Conclusion:This study documents the burden of eye injury in the United States and identifies areas wherein future research activities should be directed.

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Ocular trauma in the United States Army: hospitalization records from 1985 through 1994

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Foreign body traumas of the eye managed in an emergency department of a single-institution

Foreign body traumas of the eye managed in an emergency department of a single-institution

Does Occupation Explain Gender and Other Differences in Work-Related Eye Injury Hospitalization Rates?

Incidence of Emergency Department–Treated Eye Injury in the United States

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