Ocular hypertelorism in an orthodontic patient

Miamoto, Cristina Batista; Soares, Reinaldo Lopes; Carvalho, Érico Marcel Gomes de; Pereira, Luciano José; Marques, Leandro Silva

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.09.023

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Craniofacial asymmetry requiring corrective surgery often results from specific pathological processes that ranges from childhood trauma 9 , arthritis 10,11 , condylar aplasia 12 , and occular hypertelorism 13 to craniofacial anomalies such as unilateral craniosynostosis 14 and hemifacial microsomia. 15 More commonly, however, asymmetry is found in dentofacial deformity populations that have skeletal malocclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nodal Pathway Genes Are Down-regulated in Facial Asymmetry

Nicot¹,

Hottenstein²,

Raoul³

et al. 2014

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Facial asymmetry is a common comorbid condition in patients with jaw deformation malocclusion. Heritability of malocclusion is advancing rapidly, but very little is known regarding genetic contributions to asymmetry. This study identifies differences in expression of key asymmetry-producing genes which are down regulated in facial asymmetry patients. Material and Methods Masseter muscle samples were collected during BSSO orthognathic surgery to correct skeletal-based malocclusion. Patients were classified as Class II or III and open or deep bite malocclusion with or without facial asymmetry. Muscle samples were analyzed for gene expression differences on Affymetrix HT2.0 microarray global expression chips. Results Overall gene expression was different for asymmetric patients compared to other malocclusion classifications by principal component analysis (P<0.05). We identified differences in the nodal signaling pathway (NSP) which promotes development of mesoderm and endoderm and left-right patterning during embryogenesis. Nodal and Lefty expression was 1.39–1.84 fold greater (P<3.41×10−5) whereas integral membrane Nodal-modulators Nomo1,2,3 were −5.63 to −5.81 (P<3.05×10−4) less in asymmetry subjects. Fold differences among intracellular pathway members were negative in the range of −7.02 to −2.47 (P<0.003). Finally Pitx2, a upstream effector of Nodal known to influence the size of type II skeletal muscle fibers was also significantly decreased in facial asymmetry (P<0.05). Conclusions When facial asymmetry is part of skeletal malocclusion there are decreases of NSP genes in masseter muscle. This data suggests that the NSP is down regulated to help promote development of asymmetry. Pitx2 expression differences also contributed to both skeletal and muscle development in this condition.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nodal Pathway Genes Are Down-regulated in Facial Asymmetry

Nicot¹,

Hottenstein²,

Raoul³

et al. 2014

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The assessment of facial variation in 4747 British school children

Toma¹,

Zhurov²,

Playle³

et al. 2011

The European Journal of Orthodontics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study is to identify key components contributing to facial variation in a large population-based sample of 15.5-year-old children (2514 females and 2233 males). The subjects were recruited from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Three-dimensional facial images were obtained for each subject using two high-resolution Konica Minolta laser scanners. Twenty-one reproducible facial landmarks were identified and their coordinates were recorded. The facial images were registered using Procrustes analysis. Principal component analysis was then employed to identify independent groups of correlated coordinates. For the total data set, 14 principal components (PCs) were identified which explained 82 per cent of the total variance, with the first three components accounting for 46 per cent of the variance. Similar results were obtained for males and females separately with only subtle gender differences in some PCs. Facial features may be treated as a multidimensional statistical continuum with respect to the PCs. The first three PCs characterize the face in terms of height, width, and prominence of the nose. The derived PCs may be useful to identify and classify faces according to a scale of normality.

show abstract

Ocular hypertelorism in an orthodontic patient

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Nodal Pathway Genes Are Down-regulated in Facial Asymmetry

Nodal Pathway Genes Are Down-regulated in Facial Asymmetry

The assessment of facial variation in 4747 British school children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About