Ocular Explosion after Peribulbar Anesthesia

Magnante, David O.; Bullock, John D.; Green, W. Richard

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(97)30263-2

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Specificity and sensitivity at this threshold were 0.92 and 1.00, respectively. Experiments have found human eye internal rupture pressures to be approximately 0.4 MPa for low rate loading [44][45][46][47][48] and 1 MPa for high rate loading [47,48]. Thus, the rupture pressure used in the current study (1.01 MPa) is consistent with experimentally determined dynamic rupture pressures of the eye.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of Different Projectiles in Matched Experimental Eye Impact Simulations

Weaver

Kennedy

Duma

et al. 2011

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Eye trauma resuits in 30,000 cases of hiindness each year in tiie United States and is tiie second leading cause of monocular visual impairment. Eye injury is caused by a wide variety of projectile impacts and loading scenarios with common sources of trauma being motor vehicle crashes, military operations, and sporting impacts. For the current study, 79 experimental eye impact tests in literature were computationally modeled to analyze global and localized responses of the eye to a variety of blunt projectile impacts. Simulations were run with eight different projectiles (airsoft pellets, baseball, air gun pellets commonly known as BBs, blunt impactor, paintball, aluminum, foam, and plastic rods) to characterize effects of the projectile size, mass, geometry, material properties, and velocity on eye response. This study presents a matched compari.son of experimental test results and computational model outputs including stress, energy, and pressure used to evaluate risk of eye injury. In general, the computational results agreed with the e.xperimental results. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to establish the stress and pressure thresholds that best discriminated for globe rupture in the matched experimental tests. Globe rupture is predicted by the computational simulations when the corneoscleral stress exceeds 17.21 MPa or the vitreous pressure exceeds 1.01 MPa. Peak stresses were located at the apex of the cornea, the iimbus, or the equator depending on the type of projectile impacting the eye. A multivariate correlation analysis revealed that area-normalized kinetic energy was the best single predictor of peak stress and pressure. Additional incorporation of a relative size parameter that relates the projectile area to the area of the eye reduced stress response variabititv and max be of importance in eye injury prediction. The modeiing efforts shed light on the injury response of the eye when subjected to a variety of biunt projectile impacts atul further validate the eye model's ability to predict globe rupture. Results of this study are relevant to the design and reguiation of safety systems and equipment to protect against eye injury.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of Different Projectiles in Matched Experimental Eye Impact Simulations

Weaver

Kennedy

Duma

et al. 2011

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…A recent study with 79 matched experimental tests and computational simulations of different dynamic projectile impacts has identified globe rupture thresholds for stress (17.21 MPa) and pressure (1.01 MPa) (Weaver et al, in press). For the high-rate loading scenarios in the current study, the pressure threshold is consistent with experimentally-determined human eye rupture pressures of 0.4 MPa for low-rate loading (Bullock et al, 1998(Bullock et al, , 1999Magnante et al, 1997;Voorhies, 2003) and 1 MPa for high-rate loading (Bisplinghoff et al, 2009;Voorhies, 2003). The full eye model was developed with Hypermesh (Hyperworks v.9.0, Altair, Troy, MI) in conjunction with LS-Prepost (Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA).…”

Section: Fe Modelssupporting

confidence: 87%

Biomechanical modeling of eye trauma for different orbit anthropometries

Weaver¹,

Loftis²,

Duma³

et al. 2011

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…This might be further influenced by forced lid closure, external compressive force like eyelid speculum, and valsava manoeuvre. 7,8 With the increased popularity of intravitreal injections of steroids and other agents, this report is a timely reminder of the rare but potentially serious side effect. …”

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 91%

“…In vivo studies have shown that intraocular injection can cause a sudden rise in IOP which can then lead to a globe rupture. 7,8 The size of the syringe and the force of injection are factors in this induced rise in pressure, according to Pascal's law which states that pressure equals force per unit area (P ¼ F/A). When performing this injection using a small syringe, it is also difficult to judge the amount of force applied to the plunger, which can result in this sudden pressure rise.…”

Section: Eyementioning

confidence: 99%