Ocular and Orbital Blood Flow in Cigarette Smokers

A Study of Maternal Ophthalmic Artery Doppler Indices in Diabetics and Smokers

“…In the current study, we evaluated the readings of the Doppler indices in the OA and compared the findings with normal pregnant ladies readings. (table4) There are few studies characterizing the effects of cigarette in OA and they all didn't discuss the effects in pregnant ladies [11][12][13][14][15]. Researchers, assessing the effects of smoking, observed lower peak systolic velocity in OA of smokers without change in end diastolic velocity and RI, compared to controls [11], but other researchers, report that the peak systolic velocity was lower in smokers [12].…”

“…(table4) There are few studies characterizing the effects of cigarette in OA and they all didn't discuss the effects in pregnant ladies [11][12][13][14][15]. Researchers, assessing the effects of smoking, observed lower peak systolic velocity in OA of smokers without change in end diastolic velocity and RI, compared to controls [11], but other researchers, report that the peak systolic velocity was lower in smokers [12]. These two authors did not specify how long ago was the use of cigarettes [11,12] Similarly; our study did not consider the duration of smoking nor the type (cigarettes,sigar ,shisha, handmade cigarettes (tobacco roll), or other sourse of tobacco smoking) or the numbers of cigareates/day in all individuals in the two groups.…”

“…The OA artery presents morphological and physiological similarities with brain circulation. [10] Ophthalmic artery Doppler studies in smokers are not numerous and some results suggested indexes compatible with either vasoconstriction or vasodilatation but none of them included pregnant ladies [11][12][13][14][15]Cigarette smoking may be involved in development of vascular disorders in diabetes mellitus via a harmful effect on the circulation. [16] Most previous studies have investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on ocular blood flow parameters in nondiabetic smokers.…”

“…[16] Most previous studies have investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on ocular blood flow parameters in nondiabetic smokers. [17][18][19][20][21][22]Studies on smoking during pregnancy are subject to unfairness and it depends upon many factors [23] while the role of smoking in diabetic angiopathy, retinopathy, has not been clearly established. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] To the best of our knowledge no studies in the open literature that addressed the hemodynamic profile of the ophthalmic artery was done in pregnant smokers or diabetic pregnant smokers.…”

Evaluation of the Effects of Chronic Smoking on Choroidal Thickness Measured by Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography

“…Steigerwalt ve ark., renkli duplex tarayıcı ile sigara içimi sonrası arka siliyer arter kan akım hı-zında azalma saptamış ve bu sonucun peripapiller koroid kan akımında azalmanın bir göstergesi olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. 2 Tamaki ve ark., lazer nokta yöntemini kullanarak sigara içiminden 30 dakika sonra koroid kan akımında azalma olduğunu rapor etmişlerdir. 13 Wimpissinger ve ark.…”