Octocoral Chemical Signaling Selects and Controls Dinoflagellate Symbionts

Koike, Kazuo; Jimbo, Mitsuru; Sakai, Ryuichi; Kaeriyama, Masami; Muramoto, Koji; Ogata, Toru; Maruyama, Tadashi; Kamiya, Hisao

doi:10.2307/1543582

Cited by 87 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, during the process the progressively smaller zooxanthellae population is exposed to a new set of symbiotic conditions that reinforce the expulsion process. Most notably, reduced self-shading and greater skeletal reflection (Enriquez et al, 2005) cause the smaller population to be exposed to high per zooxanthellae irradiance, effectively lowering the external irradiance level at which destructive photoinhibition is initiated (Franklin et al, 2006) non-motile state (Koike et al, 2004;Stat et al, 2006). The different zooxanthellae genotypes vary in cell size between 6-15 µm (Fig.…”

Section: The Enhanced Respiratory (R) Cost Resulting From a Large Nummentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakdown of the coral-algae symbiosis: towards formalising a linkage between warm-water bleaching thresholds and the growth rate of the intracellular zooxanthellae

Wooldridge

2013

Biogeosciences

130

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Impairment of the photosynthetic machinery of the algal endosymbiont ("zooxanthellae") is the proximal driver of the thermal breakdown of the coral-algae symbiosis ("coral bleaching"). Yet, the initial site of damage, and early dynamics of the impairment are still not well resolved. In this perspective essay, I consider further a recent hypothesis which proposes an energetic disruption to the carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) of the coral host, and the resultant onset of CO₂-limitation within the photosynthetic "dark reactions" as a unifying cellular mechanism. The hypothesis identifies the enhanced retention of photosynthetic carbon for zooxanthellae (re)growth following an initial irradiance-driven expulsion event as a strong contributing cause of the energetic disruption. If true, then it implies that the onset of the bleaching syndrome and setting of upper thermal bleaching limits are emergent attributes of the coral symbiosis that are ultimately underpinned by the characteristic growth profile of the intracellular zooxanthellae; which is known to depend not just on temperature, but also external (seawater) nutrient availability and zooxanthellae genotype. Here, I review this proposed bleaching linkage at a variety of observational scales, and find it to be parsimonious with the available evidence. Future experiments are suggested that can more formally test the linkage. If correct, the new cellular model delivers a valuable new perspective to consider the future prospects of the coral symbiosis in an era of rapid environmental change, including: (i) the underpinning mechanics (and biological significance) of observed changes in resident zooxanthellae genotypes, and (ii) the now crucial importance of reef water quality in co-determining thermal bleaching resistance

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Section: The Enhanced Respiratory (R) Cost Resulting From a Large Nummentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakdown of the coral-algae symbiosis: towards formalising a linkage between warm-water bleaching thresholds and the growth rate of the intracellular zooxanthellae

Wooldridge

2013

Biogeosciences

130

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“…Coral specific factors in the host homogenate might have suppressed the development of motility, while permitting cell division, as this would be the case in hospite. The involvement of coral specific lectins like SLL-2 from Sinularia lochmodes in regulation of motility has been shown by Koike et al (2004). A major problem with host derived supplements remains however the quantity and/or quality of the supplement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivating endosymbionts — Host environmental mimics support the survival of Symbiodinium C15 ex hospite

Krueger

Gates

2012

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. Sustaining in vitro cultures of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium is important, addressing questions relating to Symbiodinium function and Symbiodinium dependent host fitness. Difficulties in establishing representative Symbiodinium cultures from Pacific coral isolates limit the availability of diverse Symbiodinium types, especially in the C clade. While this clade exhibits high subcladal diversity (over 100 types), and represents the ecologically dominating phylotype in Indo-Pacific corals, only two ancestral types C1 and C3 are currently in permanent culture. This study attempted to cultivate Symbiodinium C15, a derived C clade type, from the Hawaiian coral Porites compressa. We tested a number of basic media in combination with defined organic supplements, as well as host factor derived additives and ion-manipulated media, in order to mimic the intracellular ion regime of a zooxanthellate host. While basic media did not support cell survival at all, the use of organic supplements such as amino acids plus taurine or host derived tissue homogenate had a positive effect on survival and stabilized in vitro densities temporarily. However, none of the conditions tested supported a proliferating motile Symbiodinium C15 culture. In two independent experiments, a potentially free-living Symbiodinium A clade strain was successfully cultured, which exhibited phylogenetic separation from endosymbiotic A clade strains. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of host mimics or host derived supplements to study otherwise 'unculturable' Symbiodinium strains. Our results imply that Symbiodinium C15 is incapable of surviving ex hospite unless a host-derived or potential host mimicking feature is present. This potential host dependency has important implications for post-bleaching recovery of the endemic coral P. compressa and suggests a coevolutionary link between vertical transmission mode, host dependency of the symbiont and bleaching resistance of this holobiont.

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“…BPL-4 does not belong to any category of the terrestrial plant lectins just like BPL-3. But these two lectins show similarity with H lectins, which appear in octocoral and invertebrate animals and play a role in immunity and can bind to GalNAc and D-galactose (Koike et al 2004, Jimbo et al 2005, Sanchez et al 2006. H lectins…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sequence identity between BPL-3 and BPL-4 was 44.5%, which is too small to regard them as isoforms. However, two lectins shared two well conserved domains including putative active domain of H lectin group (Helix pomatia lectin group), which is also an GalNAc specific lectin (e.g., Koike et al 2004). The amino acids involved in hydrogen bonding through their side chain were identical between BPL-4 and H lectin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of a lectin, BPL-4, from the marine green alga Bryopsis plumosa (Chlorophyta)

Han¹,

Yoon²,

Jung³

et al. 2012

ALGAE

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A novel lectin specific to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as well as N-acetyl-D-glucosamine was isolated from Bryopsis plumosa and named as BPL-4. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophorese (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry data showed that this lectin was a monomeric protein with molecular weight 12.9 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the lectin were determined by Edman degradation and the full cDNA sequence encoding this lectin was obtained using the degenerate primers designed from the amino acid sequence. The size of the cDNA was 414 bp containing single open reading frame (ORF) encoding the lectin precursor. The homology analysis showed that this lectin might belong to H lectin group. BPL-4 showed high sequence similarity (60.6%) to BPL-3, which is a previously reported lectin from the same species. The comparative analysis on the lectin's primary structure showed two conserved domains including one possible active domain of H lectin group.Key Words: active domain; BPL-4; Bryopsis plumosa; lectin; N-acetyl-D-galactosamine INTRODUCTIONLectins have the capacity to serve as recognition molecules between cells or organisms because of their noncatalytic sugar binding properties (Sharon 2008). Lectins are proteins that bind reversibly to carbohydrates, agglutinate cells, or precipitate polysaccharides and glycoproteins (Goldstein et al. 1980). Carbohydrate-binding properties of lectins have been applied in the fields of immunology, cell biology, cancer research, and genetic engineering (e.g., Sharon and Lis 2004).Recently, the medical use of lectins has been studied extensively and some lectins exhibiting high anti-HIV (Sato et al. 2007) and antibiotic activities (Liao et al. 2003) were isolated. The use of lectins as pesticide agents (Wellman-Labadie et al. 2008) and potential drug delivery systems were also explored (e.g., Jung et al. 2010). Lectinbased cell-cell recognition systems have been proposed in many algal groups and in some cases the corresponding lectins have been isolated. However, the number of characterized lectins is still considered too small (Yoon et al. 2008, Han et al. 2011.Marine green alga Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) Agardh possesses unique ability to regenerate new functional cells from small droplets of protoplasm extruded in seawater (Kim et al. 2001). When protoplasm is released in the seawater, the organelles aggregate in vitro and form protoplasts. Then, the protoplasts develop into individual 56Dried proteins were dissolved in 150 μL of rehydration buffer (7 M urea, 2 M thio-urea, 4% CHAPS, 2% ampholyte of pH 4-10) and centrifuged at 12,000 g for 15 min to remove insoluble materials. IPG dry strip (pH 4-10, 7 cm; Bio-Rad, Bedford, CA, USA) was rehydrated with 125 μL of sample in rehydration buffer for overnight at 20°C. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) was performed at 20°C using a PROTEAN IEF Cell (Bio-Rad). The voltage was linearly increased from 250 to 4,000 V during 2 h, followed by constant 4,000...

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Octocoral Chemical Signaling Selects and Controls Dinoflagellate Symbionts

Cited by 87 publications

References 15 publications

Breakdown of the coral-algae symbiosis: towards formalising a linkage between warm-water bleaching thresholds and the growth rate of the intracellular zooxanthellae

Breakdown of the coral-algae symbiosis: towards formalising a linkage between warm-water bleaching thresholds and the growth rate of the intracellular zooxanthellae

Cultivating endosymbionts — Host environmental mimics support the survival of Symbiodinium C15 ex hospite

Molecular characterization of a lectin, BPL-4, from the marine green alga Bryopsis plumosa (Chlorophyta)

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