October 2019: Social Uprising in Neoliberal Chile

Garcés, Mario

doi:10.1080/13569325.2019.1696289

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Massive protests took place during the first weeks of October, and by October 19, the president declared a state of emergency that heavily restricted mobility and social gatherings. Due to the large scale of the social unrest seen throughout this period, the media had an almost uninterrupted coverage of the demonstrations, governments’ actions, and other related events ( Garcés, 2020 ). Our interest remained in collecting as much information as possible as the main events of the social movement occurred to properly evaluate the effect of collective action on the selected variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Identity, Perceived Emotional Synchrony, Creativity, Social Representations, and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of the 2019 Chilean Populist Protests

Castro-Abril

Costa²,

Navarro‐Carrillo³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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This paper analyzes the socio-cognitive and emotional processes related to collective action in the context of the 2019 populist social movement in Chile. It proposes an integrative explanation of populism as social movements and collective gatherings along with their relation with creativity and social representations of mass movements. A comprehensive online survey was used (n = 262) that included measures of participation in demonstrations, identification with protesters or the government, agreement with social movement grievances, collective efficacy, perceived emotional synchrony, collective action, self-reported cognitive creativity, and individuals’ proposals for improvement of society and ideas associated with stimuli (e.g., the concepts of majority or minority). Our results revealed that identification with demonstrators, agreement with protesters’ grievances, a high perceived emotional synchrony or collective effervescence, and higher creativity responses were associated with an active participation in the social movement. Higher participation and factors conducive to participation were associated with lexical clusters of responses to stimuli that include words such as rights, justice, injustice, bravery, dignity, or hope, which were conceived of as positive social representations of the populist social movement. These findings are discussed within the neo-Durkheimian framework of collective gatherings and the perspective of populism as a social movement that seeks to renew and expand democracy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Identity, Perceived Emotional Synchrony, Creativity, Social Representations, and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of the 2019 Chilean Populist Protests

Castro-Abril

Costa²,

Navarro‐Carrillo³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…Amongst the many versions of Bayesian network classifiers [25][26][27][28][29][30], the two most popular are the naive Bayesian network classifier [31] and the Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) classifier [16]. The naive Bayes version assumes conditional independence amongst the attributes given the class variable to compute the likelihood in (1). Therefore, there are no edges between the attributes, as shown in the example in Figure 1.…”

Section: Background 21 Bayesian Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to avoid the collapse of the democratic system, the government and political forces from across the ideological spectrum called for a peace agreement and a new constitution. This paved the way for the institutional organization of the demands through a new constitution [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian Constitutionalization: Twitter Sentiment Analysis of the Chilean Constitutional Process through Bayesian Network Classifiers

2022

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Constitutional processes are a cornerstone of modern democracies. Whether revolutionary or institutionally organized, they establish the core values of social order and determine the institutional architecture that governs social life. Constitutional processes are themselves evolutionary practices of mutual learning in which actors, regardless of their initial political positions, continuously interact with each other, demonstrating differences and making alliances regarding different topics. In this article, we develop Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) classifiers to model the behavior of constituent agents. According to the nature of the constituent dynamics, weights are learned by the model from the data using an evolution strategy to obtain a good classification performance. For our analysis, we used the constituent agents’ communications on Twitter during the installation period of the Constitutional Convention (July–October 2021). In order to differentiate political positions (left, center, right), we applied the developed algorithm to obtain the scores of 882 ballots cast in the first stage of the convention (4 July to 29 September 2021). Then, we used k-means to identify three clusters containing right-wing, center, and left-wing positions. Experimental results obtained using the three constructed datasets showed that using alternative weight values in the TAN construction procedure, inferred by an evolution strategy, yielded improvements in the classification accuracy measured in the test sets compared to the results of the TAN constructed with conditional mutual information, as well as other Bayesian network classifier construction approaches. Additionally, our results may help us to better understand political behavior in constitutional processes and to improve the accuracy of TAN classifiers applied to social, real-world data.

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“…In October 2019, an unprecedented social uprising came to Chile. Protestors demanded an end to decades of socioeconomic inequality and a new constitutional order incorporating a baseline of social-environmental protection [2][3][4]. This baseline does not exist under the current constitution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social-Environmental Conflicts in Chile: Is There Any Potential for an Ecological Constitution?

et al. 2021

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Social unrest is on the rise worldwide amid deepening inequalities, environmental degradation, and job crises worsened by increasing social-environmental conflicts. In Chile, a social revolt in 2019 resulted in a national referendum in 2020. An ample majority (78.3% vs. 21.7%) voted to draft a new constitution to replace the current constitution drawn up under dictatorship. The result led to the emergence and empowerment of several organizations demanding an “ecological constitution”. In this context, we aim to analyze: (1) the main social-environmental conflicts in Chile and how they are related to the country’s current constitution, and (2) the potential drafting of an ecological constitution that addresses these conflicts. Across different industries in Chile, we observed common problems that are intrinsically related to the current constitution. This relationship seems to be perceived by Chilean citizens since a survey carried out in May 2021 found 79% support for an ecological constitution. Moreover, 105 of the 155 delegates to the constitutional convention proposed three or more environmental principles to be included in the new constitution. A potential ecological constitution entails principles that would improve the current situation of social-environmental conflicts in Chile. Based on our analysis, we recommend the establishment of watershed-based “territorial rights” in the new Chilean constitution to improve sustainability and environmental justice.

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October 2019: Social Uprising in Neoliberal Chile

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Social Identity, Perceived Emotional Synchrony, Creativity, Social Representations, and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of the 2019 Chilean Populist Protests

Social Identity, Perceived Emotional Synchrony, Creativity, Social Representations, and Participation in Social Movements: The Case of the 2019 Chilean Populist Protests

Bayesian Constitutionalization: Twitter Sentiment Analysis of the Chilean Constitutional Process through Bayesian Network Classifiers

Social-Environmental Conflicts in Chile: Is There Any Potential for an Ecological Constitution?

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