Octanol/water partition coefficients and bioconcentration factors of chloronitrobenzenes in rainbow trout (<i>salmo gairdneri</i>)

Niimi, A. J.; Lee, H. B.; Kissoon, G. P.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620080910

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…BCF values of guaiacols from the other studies noted previously would also indicate values that are lower than other chemicals with similar p values. A poor relationship between BCF and p has been shown for other chemical groups, and these relationships generally tend to underestimate BCF, particularly for chemicals with higherp [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Kinetics of Chloroguaiacols and Other Chlorinated Phenolic Derivatives in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

Niimi¹,

Lee²,

Kissoon³

1990

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Chlorinated phenolic derivatives are important chemical constituents that are present in pulp and paper mill effluents. Subadult rainbow trout (Sulmo guirdneri) were exposed to six dichloroto terachloroguaiacols, two chlorinated vanillins and trichlorosyringol through waterborne and dietary exposure. Equilibrium concentrations were attained within 2 d in waterborne exposed fish, and bioconcentration factor (BCF) values ranged from 1 to 270 among the guaiacols, less than 5 for the chlorovanillins and 125 for trichlorosyringol. Dietary exposure indicated these chemicals are poorly absorbed and have half-lives of less than several days. The kinetics of these chemicals are consistent with residue levels reported in fish collected from waters receiving mill effluents where waterborne uptake appears to be the primary mode for accumulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fish in one tank were exposed to waterborne chemicals following the method used previously [12]. The chemicals were dissolved in acetone and introduced into the experimental tank at 1 ml/min, which was diluted with inflowing water at 6 L/min.…”

Section: Chemicals and Exposure Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Chloroguaiacols and Other Chlorinated Phenolic Derivatives in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

Niimi¹,

Lee²,

Kissoon³

1990

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…On the basis of these preliminary evaluations, it was decided to examine all relationships between physicochemical properties and acute local effects separately for lesions on skin and for lesions on eyes and, in addition, to examine relationships between n-octanol/ water partition coefficient and local irritation/corrosion, because this parameter correlating hydrophilic and hydrophobic substance properties has proved to be predictive for ecotoxicokinetic substance properties (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), and thus may also be predictive for specific local toxic effects (11,19,20). It was also decided to examine the relationship between surface tension and local irritation/corrosion, because surface activity alters the effects of aqueous solubility and lipid solubility on the capacity of a chemical to penetrate membranes.…”

Section: Calculation Of Sar Algorithms: Evaluation Of Physical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log P ow ) for the partition of a chemical between a hydrophilic solvent phase (water) and a hydrophobic solvent phase (n-octanol) is correlated with the aqueous solubility (21). Log P ow has proved to be a good parameter for considerations relating to the possible kinetic fate of a chemical in the environment, and as represented by percutaneous absorption of chemicals from natural waters, from ambient air, and from soil (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). SAR considerations relating to local irritation/corrosion can also be based on this partition coefficient (11,19,20).…”

Section: Relationships Between Octanol/water Partition Coefficient Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Decision Support System for the Introduction of Alternative Methods into Local Irritancy/Corrosivity Testing Strategies. Creation of Fundamental Rules for a Decision Support System

et al. 2000

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The notification procedure of the European Union (EU) for new chemicals requires the application of protocols on physicochemical and toxicological tests for the evaluation of physicochemical properties and probable toxic effects of each notified substance. A computerised database was developed from data sets and toxicological test protocols relating to substance properties responsible for skin and eye irritation/corrosion. To develop specific structure-activity relationship (SAR) models and to find rules for a decision support system (DSS) to predict local irritation/corrosion, physical property data, chemical structure data and toxicological data for approximately 1300 chemicals, each having a purity of 95% or more, were evaluated. The evaluation demonstrated that the lipid solubility and aqueous solubility of a chemical are relevant to, or — in some cases — responsible for, the observed local effects of a substance on the skins and eyes of rabbits. The octanol/water partition coefficient and the measured value of the surface tension of a saturated aqueous solution of the substance give additional information that permits the definition of detailed SAR algorithms that use measured solubility values. Data on melting points and vapour pressure can be used to assess the intensity and duration of local contact with a chemical. Considerations relating to the reactivity of a pure chemical can be based on molecular weight and the nature of the heteroatoms present. With respect to local lesions produced following contact with the skin and eyes of rabbits, the data evaluation revealed that no general “local irritation/corrosion potential” of a chemical can be defined. A variety of mechanisms are responsible for the formation of local lesions on the skin or in the eyes: serious lesions are produced by mechanisms different from those that cause moderate irritation in these organs. In order to develop a DSS that uses the information extracted from the database, chemical main groups were categorised on the basis of their empirical formulae, and rules were defined of the type IF (physicochemical property) A, THEN not (toxic) effect B, based on correlations between specific local effects and measured physicochemical values. Other rules of the type IF substructure A, THEN effect B were developed based on correlations between specific local effects and the submitted structural formulae. Reactive chemical substructures relevant to the formation of local lesions and rules for the prediction of the absence of any skin irritation potential were identified. Proposals are made relating to the development of alternatives to eye irritation testing with rabbits.

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“…Moreover, the correlation is often of a lower statistical quality (de Wolf et al, 1992;Niimi et al, 1989;Oliver and Niimi, 1985;Opperhuizen and Voors, 1987). Such deviations from Mackay's postulate (Mackay, 1982) have been attributed to relatively high rates of biotransformation (de Bruijn and Hermens, 1991;Opperhuizen and Voors, 1987;Southworth et al, 1980).…”

Section: IXmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hydrophobicity as a Key Physicochemical Parameter of Environmental Toxicology of Pesticides

Fujita¹,

Nishimura

Takayama

et al. 2001

Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology

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Octanol/water partition coefficients and bioconcentration factors of chloronitrobenzenes in rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri)

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Kinetics of Chloroguaiacols and Other Chlorinated Phenolic Derivatives in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

Kinetics of Chloroguaiacols and Other Chlorinated Phenolic Derivatives in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

Development of a Decision Support System for the Introduction of Alternative Methods into Local Irritancy/Corrosivity Testing Strategies. Creation of Fundamental Rules for a Decision Support System

Hydrophobicity as a Key Physicochemical Parameter of Environmental Toxicology of Pesticides

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