Octahydrogenated retinoic acid‐conjugated glycol chitosan nanoparticles as a novel carrier of azadirachtin: Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

Abstract

Environment‐friendly and controlled release formulation is highly promising for reducing environmental pollution and achieving the most effective utilization of pesticides. As a novel “green” nanocarrier of pesticides, amphiphilic self‐assembled nanoparticles were prepared by chemical conjugation of octahydrogenated retinoic acid (OR) to the backbone of glycol chitosan (GC). In aqueous media, the synthesized OR‐GC conjugates formed nanosized particles with a diameter of 257 nm. Hydrophobic azadirachtin (AZA) was efficiently loaded into the OR‐GC nanoparticles at a feed weight ratio of up to 1:4 using a simple dialysis method, the maximum drug‐loading efficiency of which was 74%. AZA‐OR‐GC (25 wt %) nanoparticles also showed sustained release of the incorporated AZA (65% of the loaded dose was released in 7 days at 27 °C in phosphate‐buffered saline; pH 7.2). Cytotoxicity tests and cell cycle arrest assays confirmed that OR‐GC exhibits good biocompatibility; AZA‐OR‐GC (25 wt %) nanoparticles also showed favorable inhibition of cell proliferation in Sl‐1 cells compared with free AZA in organic solvents. Overall, controlled release AZA‐OR‐GC may be a promising environment‐friendly formulation for integrated pest management. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3932–3940

Nanotechnology for Plant Disease Management

“…Instead, nanoparticles can be used to increase the solubility, thus reducing the toxicity. To date, low-water-soluble insecticides have been successfully loaded into modified chitosan [45][46][47]63] and porous silica [50]. However, none of these studies tested for reduced environmental toxicity.…”

“…However, none of these studies tested for reduced environmental toxicity. Using modified chitosan nanoparticles to load the hydrophobic insecticide azadirachtin, Lu et al [47] showed favorable inhibition of cell proliferation in S. litura ovarian cell lines, and sustained drug release. In another study, Liu et al [55] showed an increase in uptake and higher mortality when H. armigera larvae were subjected to dendrimers loaded with hydrophobic thiamethoxam.…”

Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications

“…The increased cost and toxicity of low water-soluble insecticides can be minimised by the use of NPs as carriers which can increase the solubility ( Campos et al, 2018 ). Several studies have reported the use of NPs for the smart delivery of various insecticides ( Lu et al, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2013 ; Wang Y. et al, 2014 ; Campos et al, 2018 ). Lu et al (2013) demonstrated the role of CS-NPs as a carrier for azadirachtin for the sustained release of insecticide.…”

“…Several studies have reported the use of NPs for the smart delivery of various insecticides ( Lu et al, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2013 ; Wang Y. et al, 2014 ; Campos et al, 2018 ). Lu et al (2013) demonstrated the role of CS-NPs as a carrier for azadirachtin for the sustained release of insecticide. An increase in uptake and higher toxicity of thiamethoxam insecticide was reported against Helicoverpa armigera larvae when intercalated with dendrimer NPs ( Liu X. et al, 2015 ).…”

Nanotechnological Approaches in Sustainable Agriculture and Plant Disease Management

“…Surface-functionalized vertically arranged carbon nanofibers act as molecular cargo and carry the plasmid DNA to the Table 4. Nano-protectant with insecticidal activity [53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. Table 3.…”