“…Also, amphiphilic CDs were synthesized by using several organic solvents (like toluene, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, etc. ), which act as the carbon precursor and solvent together, through hydrothermal synthesis methods. , However, the highest fluorescence quantum yield, an important indicator to determine the quality of carbon dots, obtained in these studies was around 35%, − which was not comparable to the quantum yields of metal-based quantum dots. , Different single or multiple carbon precursor systems, such as citric acid + phenylenediamine, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, and octadecylamine + glucose, were used to synthesize amphiphilic or hydrophobic CDs with high fluorescence quantum yield, − but the highest obtained quantum yield was around 47%, which can be still considered low compared to the quantum yield of their metal-based alternatives. , …”