Ochratoxin A Producing Fungi, Biosynthetic Pathway and Regulatory Mechanisms

Wang, Yan; Wang, Liuqing; Liu, Fei; Wang, Qi; Selvaraj, Jonathan Nimal; Xing, Fuguo; Zhao, Yang; Liu, Yang

doi:10.3390/toxins8030083

Cited by 151 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a highly toxic secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium moulds. [1] These ochratoxin-producing species are found all around the world and can contaminate food commodities during the pre-and post-harvest, especially cereals, coffee, beer or wine. [2] OTA has been classified into group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Epitope Imprinting for Small Templates: Preparation of NanoMIPs for Ochratoxin A

et al. 2019

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium, which contaminates cereals like corn and wheat, in addition to beverages such as coffee, wine and beer. Chromatography is the preferred analytical method for OTA determination, but unfortunately this method is still elaborate, expensive and tedious. Alternative mycotoxin detection techniques involve assays and sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) as synthetic polymeric receptors mimicking antibodies. Herein we designed nanoMIPs for specific recognition of OTA using computational screening and docking of different acryl functional monomers. Subsequently, different nanoMIPs were prepared by solid phase synthesis using two OTA haptens, OTAe‐MIPs without carboxylic group and OTAb‐MIPs bearing the carboxylic group. NanoMIPs affinity towards OTA was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance, the results displayed dissociation constants for OTAb‐MIPs at 0.4 μM and for OTAe‐MIPs at 5.1 μM. Therefore, the results demonstrate that nanoMIPs recognition depends on the immobilization position of the OTA hapten as observed using antibodies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Epitope Imprinting for Small Templates: Preparation of NanoMIPs for Ochratoxin A

et al. 2019

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“…Agricultural products are known to be contaminated by ochratoxigenic fungi during harvest or storage. OTA poses a serious threat to human health and economies around the globe because it can be found in decaying vegetation, corn, storage grains, and other plant products such as flour, peas, peanuts, spices, and coffee beans [29]. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified OTA as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B) [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of Ochratoxin A by Aspergillus tubingensis Isolated from Meju

Cho

Jeong

Lee

et al. 2016

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin, contaminates agricultural products and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Microbiological methods are known to be a promising approach for OTA biodegradation because physical and chemical methods have practical limitations. In the present study, a total of 130 fungal isolates obtained from 65 traditional Korean meju (a fermented starter for fermentation of soybeans) samples were examined for OTA-biodegradation activity using thin-layer chromatography. Two fungal isolates were selected for OTA-biodegradation activity and were identified as M036 and M074 through sequence analysis of the beta-tubulin gene. After culturing both isolates in Soytone-Czapek medium containing OTA (40 ng/ml), OTA-biodegradation activity was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both strains degraded OTA by more than 95.0% after 14 days, and the HPLC analysis showed that the OTA biodegradation by the strains led to the production of ochratoxin α, which is much less toxic than OTA. Moreover, crude enzymes from the cultures of A. tubingensis M036 and M074 led to OTA biodegradation of 97.5% and 91.3% at pH 5, and 80.3% and 75.3% at pH 7, respectively, in a buffer solution containing OTA (40 ng/ml) after 24 h. In addition, the OTA-biodegrading fungi did not exhibit OTA production activity. Our data suggest that isolates and their enzymes have the potential for practical application to reduce levels of OTA in food and feed.

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“…Ochratoxins are a small group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species, with ochratoxin A (OTA) as the principal compound, found in a very wide range of raw and processed food [9]. OTA is nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, and a potent teratogen when tested in different mammalian models, and thereby is a potential risk to human health [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Toxicity Mechanisms for Citrinin and Ochratoxin A Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis in Yeast

Vanacloig-Pedros

Proft

Pascual-Ahuir

2016

Toxins

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Citrinin (CIT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are important mycotoxins, which frequently co-contaminate foodstuff. In order to assess the toxicologic threat posed by the two mycotoxins separately or in combination, their biological effects were studied here using genomic transcription profiling and specific live cell gene expression reporters in yeast cells. Both CIT and OTA cause highly transient transcriptional activation of different stress genes, which is greatly enhanced by the disruption of the multidrug exporter Pdr5. Therefore, we performed genome-wide transcription profiling experiments with the pdr5 mutant in response to acute CIT, OTA, or combined CIT/OTA exposure. We found that CIT and OTA activate divergent and largely nonoverlapping gene sets in yeast. CIT mainly caused the rapid induction of antioxidant and drug extrusion-related gene functions, while OTA mainly deregulated developmental genes related with yeast sporulation and sexual reproduction, having only a minor effect on the antioxidant response. The simultaneous exposure to CIT and OTA gave rise to a genomic response, which combined the specific features of the separated mycotoxin treatments. The application of stress-specific mutants and reporter gene fusions further confirmed that both mycotoxins have divergent biological effects in cells. Our results indicate that CIT exposure causes a strong oxidative stress, which triggers a massive transcriptional antioxidant and drug extrusion response, while OTA mainly deregulates developmental genes and only marginally induces the antioxidant defense.

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Ochratoxin A Producing Fungi, Biosynthetic Pathway and Regulatory Mechanisms

Cited by 151 publications

References 114 publications

Study of Epitope Imprinting for Small Templates: Preparation of NanoMIPs for Ochratoxin A

Study of Epitope Imprinting for Small Templates: Preparation of NanoMIPs for Ochratoxin A

Biodegradation of Ochratoxin A by Aspergillus tubingensis Isolated from Meju

Different Toxicity Mechanisms for Citrinin and Ochratoxin A Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis in Yeast

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