Ochratoxicosis in Beagle Dogs. 1. Clinical and Clinicopathological Features

Szczech, George M.; Carlton, William W.; Tuite, J.

doi:10.1177/030098587301000207

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Ochratoxin A was found to be a potent nephrotoxin in pigs, a finding that agrees with observations made in other species [13,26,30,36,371. This study indicated that ochratoxin A had an early destructive action on the renal tubular epithelium as evidenced by elevation of B U N , by glucosuria, proteinuria and changes in specific gravity and urinary sediment and, mainly by the elevations in the concentration of urinary enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This study indicated that ochratoxin A had an early destructive action on the renal tubular epithelium as evidenced by elevation of B U N , by glucosuria, proteinuria and changes in specific gravity and urinary sediment and, mainly by the elevations in the concentration of urinary enzymes. In pigs, as in dogs [36], urinary concentrations of GOT, LDH, and ICDH were increased and were useful in detection and evaluation of the nephrotoxicity. The renal origin of enzyme concentrations in urine is suggested by work reviewed earlier [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pigs, as in dogs [36], urinary concentrations of GOT, LDH, and ICDH were increased and were useful in detection and evaluation of the nephrotoxicity. The renal origin of enzyme concentrations in urine is suggested by work reviewed earlier [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ochratoxin A Toxicosis in Swine

et al. 1973

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Abstract. Ochratoxicosis was induced in young female swine by a diet contaminated with a rice culture of Aspergillus ostiantrs that contained ochratoxin A and by daily oral doses of 2.0 or I .O mg/kg body weight pure ochratoxin A. Mycotoxicosis was characterized early by depression and reduction in feed intake and loss of body weight, followed by diarrhea, polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration. The pigs given pure ochratoxin A were dead or moribund in 5 to 6 days. Packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total plasma protein, and blood urea nitrogen were increased. Progressive leukocytosis, neutrophilia and moderate left shift in the differential count occurred. Concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in the serum and urine were increased by the fourth to sixth day, but only the increase in urinary concentrations was significant. Gross findings included dehydration, enteritis, pale tan discoloration of the liver, and edema and hyperemia of the mesenteric and other lymph nodes. Microscopic lesions were most frequent and severe in the kidney and gastrointestinal tract. Necrosis of renal tubular epithelium was most frequent in the convoluted tubules. Many renal tubules were dilated. The intestinal lesions were focal and necrotizing and occurred in most anatomic regions. Fatty change was demonstrated in most of the livers. In lymphoid tissues the changes were edema, hyperemia and focal necrosis of lymphocytes within germinal centers and around follicles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ochratoxin A Toxicosis in Swine

et al. 1973

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“…It see ms th at high e r dose s of citrinin o r o f t he co m bine d myc ot o xins wer e requi red to lo wer se rum pot a ssium a nd chlo r ide . Researc hers hav e reported reduced se rum e le ctro lyte co nce ntrat ions a fter g iving 3 mg/k g ochratoxin A dail y [35]. Rena l losse s of so d ium have bee n re lated to im pa ire d act ive re sorption o f so d ium aft er rena l tub ular necro sis [3 7] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxin A and Citrinin Induced Nephrosis in Beagle Dogs I. Clinical and Clinicopathological Features

1977

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Ind .A bs t rac t. O chrato xin A a nd cit rinin , bo th m ycot o xins , were give n se para te ly a nd co m bi ne d to yo ung Be agle d ogs for 14 days . O chra tox in A. 0 . 1 a nd 0 .2 mg/ kg , was give n by ca ps u le . a nd citr in in . 5 a nd 10 mg/ kg , was di ssol ved in e tha no l a nd give n by in tr ap erit on e a l inj e cti on . C lin ica l signs o f to xicosis in do gs g ive n 10 mg/k g citrin in a nd th e high er co mb ine d do se s included an o re xia . re tc hi ng . tene smus . wei ght lo ss . p ro stra tio n a nd d ea th. Sev e rit y o f the clinical di se ase a nd mo rt al ity were increase d wh e n the myco to xins were combin ed . w hich ind icat ed sy ne rgism . The cli n icop a th ol o gica l a h no rmali ties refl e cted ren al d a m age . in th a t gluta m ic o xa loace t ic tr a nsa mi na se a nd lacti c de hydroge nas e incre ased in the urine o f th e dogs w ith clin ical sig ns o f po iso ni ng . Se ru m lact ic deh yd ro gen a se wa s incr e ased in d ogs give n 10 mg/k g citrin in . Ce llula r a nd g ra n ula r cas ts . ket on e s . prot ei n a nd g lucose were in th e urin e of dogs give n la rge d oses of citrinin a lo ne o r co m bine d with ochra tox in A . Se r u m co nce ntra t io ns o f so d ium, pot a ssiu m a nd chlo ride decreased in th e dogs give n high do ses o f e ac h g ro u p . Natura lly oc cur r ing a nd expe rime n ta l a fla tox icosis ha ve be e n repo rte d in dogs a nd ca lle d he patit is " X " 13 , 3 3 , 34 , 39 J. Th e d ise ase a lso occ urs natu ra lly in swine a nd has be en re prod uce d ex peri me nta lly [9 , 11 , 28 ].D ogs a re ex tre me ly se ns itive to a flato xins a nd re cent reports ind ica te that yo ung dogs a re eve n mo re s us ce ptible to a no the r fu nga l toxin , oc h ratox in A [3 5J .O chra tox in A give n a t d o se s of 0.3-3 .0 mgjk g wa s primar ily ne ph ro to xic in t he do g a nd re na l da mage wa s refle cted by gran ula r ca st s , increa sed co nce nt ra tio ns of p rot ei n a nd gluc ose and e le va te d lact ic de hydrogen ase a nd gluta m ic o xa loace tic tra nsa m in ase in th e u rine [3 5J . The se ve rity o f ren a l lesio ns a p pea re d to be d ose re la ted .Ci tr in in , a no t he r mycot o xin , has be en fo u nd to xic to se ve ra l a nima l spe cies 11,2 ] a nd is a mod erat e nephroto xin wh en give n a t 20 a nd 40 mgjk g in th e d og , b ut not as potent as ochra tox in A [ 10 , 35 ]. Wh en citrin in was g ive n intrape ri ton e all y to yo ung Be ag le d ogs , ev ide nce o f ren a l d a m age included excess ive b loo d ur e a nitro gen , gluc os uria, pr o te in uri a , lo w uri nary spec ific gra vity , incr e a sed la ctic de hydroge na se , glu ta m ic o xa loace t ic tra nsa m inas e a nd iso citric d e hydrogen a se a nd g ran ula r ca sts in the urin a ry se d ime n t. T here were e mes is a nd int estin al intu ssus-154

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“…Six 8-week-old male Beagle dogs were purchased for this study (trial VII) as reported previously [37]. They were kept in individual cages in a room with environmental controls and were offered semi-moist dog food twice daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxicosis in Beagle Dogs

1974

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Abstract. Three young male Beagle dogs were given daily oral doses of 0.3 mg/kg body weight of crystalline ochratoxin A. Three untreated Beagle dogs served as controls. The principals survived for 11-1 5 days and were killed. Cytomorphologic alterations were seen primarily in the endomembrane system of the renal epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. Increased amounts of smooth-surfaced membranes were present as linear and concentric arrays and as large and small vesicles in many proximal tubular epithelial cells. Few basilar infoldings of the plasma membrane were present in proximal tubular epithelial cells of the principals, but extracellular basilar labyrinth was extensive in proximal tubular epithelial cells of the control kidney. Many tubular epithelial cells contained lipid droplets and cytoplasmic accumulations of phospholipids. The mitochondria usually appeared normal. Prominent ultrastructural alterations of the interstitium included separation between tubular basement membranes, increase in the number of interstitial cells, well-developed secretory apparatuses in many interstitial cells, and the presence of collagen and amorphous material. Few alterations were found in the epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules, but some contained more lipid droplets than normally. No consistent alterations were found in other parts of the nephron.Ochratoxin A is a nephrotoxic fungal metabolite elaborated by certain strains of Aspergillus ochruceus [41], Penicillium viridicatum [42], and other members of the A . ochruceus group [17, 191. These fungi are common contaminants of agricultural commodities [3,4,10,11,24,29,3 11, and the natural occurrence of ochratoxin A has been reported in cereal grains in the United States [12,33,34], Canada [30,31], and Denmark [18]. Although ochratoxin A was primarily a nephrotoxin in the species studied [9,18,23,26,27,37-391,

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Ochratoxicosis in Beagle Dogs. 1. Clinical and Clinicopathological Features

Cited by 50 publications

References 40 publications

Ochratoxin A Toxicosis in Swine

Ochratoxin A Toxicosis in Swine

Ochratoxin A and Citrinin Induced Nephrosis in Beagle Dogs I. Clinical and Clinicopathological Features

Ochratoxicosis in Beagle Dogs

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