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The minimum emetic dose of deoxynivalenol to swine weighing 9 to 10 kg was 0.05 mg/kg of body weight intraperitoneally and 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg orally. There was no emesis by undosed pigs consuming vomitus from pigs orally dosed with deoxynivalenol or penned with such pigs without access to vomitus. Analysis by gas-liquid chromatography of a sample of Gibberella zeae-infected corn containing about 25% visually damaged kernels indicated 12 ppm of deoxynivalenol. Deoxynivalenol added to feed reduced feed consumption of 20to 45-kg pigs, ranging from a 20% decrease with 3.6 ppm to 90% reduction with 40 ppm. Loss in weight was associated with feed refusal. Feed refusal, however, was much greater for naturally infected corn samples than for feeds with equal concentrations of the pure compound added, indicating the involvement of an additional factor(s) in the swine refusal response.

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Abstract. Ochratoxicosis was induced in young female swine by a diet contaminated with a rice culture of Aspergillus ostiantrs that contained ochratoxin A and by daily oral doses of 2.0 or I .O mg/kg body weight pure ochratoxin A. Mycotoxicosis was characterized early by depression and reduction in feed intake and loss of body weight, followed by diarrhea, polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration. The pigs given pure ochratoxin A were dead or moribund in 5 to 6 days. Packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total plasma protein, and blood urea nitrogen were increased. Progressive leukocytosis, neutrophilia and moderate left shift in the differential count occurred. Concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in the serum and urine were increased by the fourth to sixth day, but only the increase in urinary concentrations was significant. Gross findings included dehydration, enteritis, pale tan discoloration of the liver, and edema and hyperemia of the mesenteric and other lymph nodes. Microscopic lesions were most frequent and severe in the kidney and gastrointestinal tract. Necrosis of renal tubular epithelium was most frequent in the convoluted tubules. Many renal tubules were dilated. The intestinal lesions were focal and necrotizing and occurred in most anatomic regions. Fatty change was demonstrated in most of the livers. In lymphoid tissues the changes were edema, hyperemia and focal necrosis of lymphocytes within germinal centers and around follicles.

One-hundred-and-thirteen isolates of Fusarium were tested for their ability to produce zearalenone on autoclaved corn. They belonged to the following species (number of producers per number tested): F. epispheria, (0/1); F. moniliforme, (0/8); Gibberella fujikuroi, (0/3); F. nivale, (0/7); F. oxysporwn, (0/15); F. roseum, (31/51); F. solani, (0/9); F. tricinctum (3/19). The isolates of individual species produced the following amounts of zearalenone per gram of corn: 3 isolates of F. roseum (0.6 to 119 MAg), 3 of F. roseun "Culmorum" (1 to 210 Mug), 3 of F. roseum "Equiseti" (0.6 to 2.0 ug), F. roseum "Gibbosum" (115 to 175 Mug), 21 of F. roseum "Graminearum" (0.2 to 230 Mug), and 3 of F. tricinctum (0.2 to 6.0 j,g). All isolates of F. roseum "Graminearum" which formed the perithecial stage of G. zeae (G. roseum) produced zearalenone. Production occurred by the wild but not the appressed cultural type. Zearalenone production by F. tricinctum was confirmed by a mouse bioassay.