Oceanographic Vulnerability to Hurricanes on the Mexican Coast

Silva, Rodolfo; Govaere, Georges; Salles, Paulo; Bautista, Gustavo; Diaz, Gabriel

doi:10.1142/9789812791306_0004

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The problem is that available field measurements that provide insight into the origin and physics of freak waves are very limited. In fact, only few studies based on extreme-wave field data have been performed in the past (e.g., Chien et al 2002, Mori et al 2002, Silva et al 2002, Stansell 2004, Sulisz and Paprota 2005, Didenkulova 2010, Montoya et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme waves in the southern Baltic Sea

2016

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Freak waves are unique phenomena that appear unexpectedly on the ocean surface. These waves are not only a danger to fishermen and yachtsmen, but are also capable of damaging large vessels and offshore and coastal structures. The available field measurements that provide insight into the origin and physics of freak waves are very limited. The main objective of the present study was to analyze a unique set of wave data comprising 19,025 wind-wave records from the southern Baltic Sea to provide information on the occurrence, parameters, and prevailing conditions of the formation of freak waves. The complex nature of freak waves was investigated by obtaining spectral and statistical parameters of freak-wave-prone sea states using a wide set of tools. The study revealed a large number of freak-type waves, including waves over 12 m high. The study indicates that these hazardous waves may even exceed 20 m during severe storms in the Baltic Sea. Multi-point wind-wave measurements are needed to provide more information about the physics of freak waves and to eventually develop a prediction or warning system to avoid casualties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme waves in the southern Baltic Sea

2016

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“…Reanalysis of data from 1948 to 2007 of wave and wind modeling has been undertaken 12 based on the hybrid wave model WAM‐HURAC. This tool has two modules or two sub models; a parametric model HURAC 13, and a third generation wave model WAM 14, combining the best features of each.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manmade Vulnerability of the Cancun Beach System: The Case of Hurricane Wilma

Silva

Ruiz-Martínez

Mariño‐Tapia

et al. 2012

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Climate change and resultant coastal erosion and flooding have been the focus of many recent analyses. Often these studies overlook the effects of manmade modifications to the coastline which have reduced its resilience to storm events. In this investigation, we integrate previous reports, historical photo analysis, field work, and the application of numerical models to better understand the effects of Wilma, the most destructive hurricane to affect Cancun, Mexico. Huge waves (of significant height, >12 m), long mean wave periods (>12 s), devastating winds (>250 km/h), and powerful currents (>2 m/s) removed >7 million cubic meters of sand from the Cancun beach system, leaving 68% of the sub-aerial beach as bedrock, and the rest considerably eroded. Numerical simulations show that the modifications to the barrier island imposed by tourist infrastructure have considerably increased the rigidity of the system, increasing the potential erosion of the beach under extreme conditions. If there were no structural barriers, a series of breaches could occur along the beach, allowing exchange of water and alleviating storm surge on other sections of the beach. If the effects caused by anthropogenic changes to Cancun are ignored, the analysis is inaccurate and misleading.

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“…The parametric model of wind used in this work depends on the following information [Avelar, 2007;Huerta et al, 2007]: position of the eye of the storm, central pressure, cyclostrophic radius [Silva et al, 2002], displacement speed and direction of the hurricane. Then, the model calculates the sustained wind velocity, averaged each 8 min, for the site of interest located at a given distance of the eye of the storm; this is done for a height of 10 m above the sea level.…”

Section: Intensity Measures and Exceedance Rate Functions For Multi-hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Analysis for Structures Exposed to Several Multi-Hazard Sources

Jaimes

Reinoso

Esteva

2014

Journal of Earthquake Engineering

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A criterion for the estimation of losses of a structure exposed to several hazards is presented. It includes an approach to estimate the probability density function of the total damage that may be generated by the superposition of the effects of several simultaneous hazardous events that can be associated with a main primary event. It considers the probabilistic correlation of damage or failure of a structure due to the combined action of those simultaneous associated hazards. Finally, the intensities and times of occurrence of all relevant events of different natural origin that may significantly contribute to the risk for the structure of interest are taken into account, considering them as independent, with a negligible probability of producing simultaneous groups of significant associated hazardous events.

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Oceanographic Vulnerability to Hurricanes on the Mexican Coast

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Extreme waves in the southern Baltic Sea

Extreme waves in the southern Baltic Sea

Manmade Vulnerability of the Cancun Beach System: The Case of Hurricane Wilma

Risk Analysis for Structures Exposed to Several Multi-Hazard Sources

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