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A criterion for the estimation of losses of a structure exposed to several hazards is presented. It includes an approach to estimate the probability density function of the total damage that may be generated by the superposition of the effects of several simultaneous hazardous events that can be associated with a main primary event. It considers the probabilistic correlation of damage or failure of a structure due to the combined action of those simultaneous associated hazards. Finally, the intensities and times of occurrence of all relevant events of different natural origin that may significantly contribute to the risk for the structure of interest are taken into account, considering them as independent, with a negligible probability of producing simultaneous groups of significant associated hazardous events.

Recent earthquakes have shown that wine barrel stacks are highly susceptible to collapse, leading to large economic losses, downtime, and longer recovery periods. This study presents a methodology using a probabilistic approach for estimating the fragility functions and economic losses in barrel stacks. The seismic response of these systems was determined from the dynamic equilibrium equations that describe the position and orientation of each element. The analysis considered ground motions scaled at different intensity levels and different barrel stack configurations; the simulations enabled reproducing the most common collapse mechanisms observed in the field and in shaking table experiments. From a statistical analysis of the results, vulnerability functions were evaluated as the probability of being within a specific damage state for a given ground motion intensity. Additional numerical simulations were performed to study the effects of the inherent uncertainty of the interface parameters controlling the dynamic response and collapse sequence of the barrel stacks. Furthermore, this methodology was used to evaluate the impact effect and improvement of a base isolation solution as a damage mitigation measure.

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This paper proposes an earthquake-event-based method for the construction of regional flood hazard maps for tsunami. The method involves five steps. The first is to characterise the seismic hazard as a set of collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive stochastic events that fully describes the spatial distribution and annual frequency of occurrence in accordance with the location of an earthquake, its depth and magnitude. The second is to compute the vertical sea-floor deformation produced by each one of the earthquakes, after which the propagation of tsunami and the inundation depth produced by each earthquake is calculated. Step four is to present the earthquake-induced tsunami hazard considering only those events that could generate a tsunami as a set of stochastic events that describes the spatial distribution of each tsunami. The final step is to obtain, for any point of interest, the tsunami inundation depth exceedance rate, taking into account the contribution of all tsunamis computed in step four. The method is applied to obtain maps of tsunami hazard for the Mexican Pacific coast for return periods of 150 and 500 years.