Ocean acidification in New Zealand waters: trends and impacts

Law, Cliff S.; Bell, James J.; Bostock, Helen C.; Cornwall, Christopher E.; Cummings, Vonda J.; Currie, Kim; Davy, Simon K.; Gammon, Malindi; Hepburn, Christopher D.; Hurd, Catriona L.; Lamare, Miles D.; Mikaloff-Fletcher, S. E.; Nelson, Wendy A.; Parsons, Darren M.; Ragg, Norman L.C.; Sewell, Mary A.; Smith, Abigail M.; Tracey, Dianne M.

doi:10.1080/00288330.2017.1374983

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…As a result, there are excellent museum collections of this species deposited at regular intervals over the last century from this site, making C. inconspicua an ideal species to investigate variation in shell characteristics since the Industrial Revolution. Environmental change in New Zealand waters over the last two decades is also in line with global trends of a 0.1 pH unit decrease and 2°C warmer (Bates et al, 2014;Law et al, 2017). The aims of this study, therefore, were to determine whether past environmental change had affected shell morphology, structure, elemental composition and integrity in museum specimens of C. inconspicua collected from a single site Non-destructive morphometric measurements were made on specimens >16 mm in length as individuals become sexually mature at 14-16 mm length in C. inconspicua (Doherty, 1979 further destructive shell analysis depending on the available museum collection sample size.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

A 120‐year record of resilience to environmental change in brachiopods

Cross

Harper

Peck

2018

Global Change Biology

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The inability of organisms to cope in changing environments poses a major threat to their survival. Rising carbon dioxide concentrations, recently exceeding 400 μatm, are rapidly warming and acidifying our oceans. Current understanding of organism responses to this environmental phenomenon is based mainly on relatively short- to medium-term laboratory and field experiments, which cannot evaluate the potential for long-term acclimation and adaptation, the processes identified as most important to confer resistance. Here, we present data from a novel approach that assesses responses over a centennial timescale showing remarkable resilience to change in a species predicted to be vulnerable. Utilising museum collections allows the assessment of how organisms have coped with past environmental change. It also provides a historical reference for future climate change responses. We evaluated a unique specimen collection of a single species of brachiopod (Calloria inconspicua) collected every decade from 1900 to 2014 from one sampling site. The majority of brachiopod shell characteristics remained unchanged over the past century. One response, however, appears to reinforce their shell by constructing narrower punctae (shell perforations) and laying down more shell. This study indicates one of the most calcium-carbonate-dependent species globally to be highly resilient to environmental change over the last 120 years and provides a new insight for how similar species might react and possibly adapt to future change.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

A 120‐year record of resilience to environmental change in brachiopods

Cross

Harper

Peck

2018

Global Change Biology

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“…When using trace elements to reconstruct dispersal trajectories, it is important that temporal stability in reference signals exists (Cathey et al ). In the natural environment daily and seasonal swings in pH may occur (Law et al ). These results show that these swings are unlikely to affect the early shell material and will not affect the temporal stability of these reference signals, although other seasonal changes may cause temporal instability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification can interact with ontogeny to determine the trace element composition of bivalve shell

Norrie

Dunphy

Ragg

et al. 2018

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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We sought to determine how pCO2 will affect the incorporation of trace elements into bivalve shell. This was to validate that under high pCO2 conditions reconstruction of animal movements is still viable; and to investigate potential trace element proxies for ocean carbonate chemistry. Here, we examined shell of the bivalve Perna canaliculus formed under current CO2 (pCO2 = 400 μatm) conditions and those predicted to exist in 2100 (pCO2 = 1050 μatm). Seventeen trace element:calcium ratios were examined at two locations within shells. Elements that are typically most useful in determining connectivity patterns (e.g., Sr, Mn, Ba, Mg, B) were not affected by pCO2 in shell produced early in individual's lives. This suggests that the effects of ocean acidification on dispersal signatures may be dampened. However, cobalt, nickel, and titanium levels were influenced by pCO2 consistently across shells suggesting their role as potential indicators of CO2 level.

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“…Additionally, a polyacrylamide gel sediment trap study in the subantarctic waters south of Tasmania by Ebersbach et al (2011) revealed that most of the particles exported out the mixed layer during the productive period occur in the form of faecal aggregates. Therefore, it is highly likely that (i) the intensity of coccosphere export registered by the traps is influenced by grazing pressure in the surface layer and (ii) the impact of grazing on coccolithophores varies throughout the year (Calbet et al, 2008;Lawerence and Menden-Deuer, 2012;Quéguiner, 2013). In contrast, seasonal variations in satellite-derived PIC concentration and coccolith fluxes at SAM show some discrepancies not observed at SOTS.…”

Section: Coccolithophore Phenology In the Saz: Satellite Versus Sedimmentioning

confidence: 96%

Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Southern Ocean waters are projected to undergo profound changes in their physical and chemical properties in the coming decades. Coccolithophore blooms in the Southern Ocean are thought to account for a major fraction of the global marine calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production and export to the deep sea. Therefore, changes in the composition and abundance of Southern Ocean coccolithophore populations are likely to alter the marine carbon cycle, with feedbacks to the rate of global climate change. However, the contribution of coccolithophores to CaCO3 export in the Southern Ocean is uncertain, particularly in the circumpolar subantarctic zone that represents about half of the areal extent of the Southern Ocean and where coccolithophores are most abundant. Here, we present measurements of annual CaCO3 flux and quantitatively partition them amongst coccolithophore species and heterotrophic calcifiers at two sites representative of a large portion of the subantarctic zone. We find that coccolithophores account for a major fraction of the annual CaCO3 export, with the highest contributions in waters with low algal biomass accumulations. Notably, our analysis reveals that although Emiliania huxleyi is an important vector for CaCO3 export to the deep sea, less abundant but larger species account for most of the annual coccolithophore CaCO3 flux. This observation contrasts with the generally accepted notion that high particulate inorganic carbon accumulations during the austral summer in the subantarctic Southern Ocean are mainly caused by E. huxleyi blooms. It appears likely that the climate-induced migration of oceanic fronts will initially result in the poleward expansion of large coccolithophore species increasing CaCO3 production. However, subantarctic coccolithophore populations will eventually diminish as acidification overwhelms those changes. Overall, our analysis emphasizes the need for species-centred studies to improve our ability to project future changes in phytoplankton communities and their influence on marine biogeochemical cycles.

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Ocean acidification in New Zealand waters: trends and impacts

Cited by 37 publications

References 196 publications

A 120‐year record of resilience to environmental change in brachiopods

A 120‐year record of resilience to environmental change in brachiopods

Ocean acidification can interact with ontogeny to determine the trace element composition of bivalve shell

Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean

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