Occurrence of veterinary pharmaceuticals in golden eagle nestlings: Unnoticed scavenging on livestock carcasses and other potential exposure routes

Blanco, Guillermo; Junza, Alexandra; Barrón, D.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.023

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Antimicrobial multiresistant strains of zoonotic Salmonella can spread from medicated livestock to wildlife, thus creating new reservoirs also acting as amplifiers and long‐distance dispersers (Allen et al., ). Avian scavengers can be directly affected by the ingestion of antibiotics used to treat livestock (Blanco et al., , ,), and this can also contribute to the creation of new resistances and the amplification of those acquired from livestock. All Salmonella strains isolated from both vultures species showed resistance to two or more of the antimicrobial agents tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be considered that this bacterium can be especially problematic in developing nestlings and immunocompromised individuals, including those affected with other pathogens and contaminants (Daoust & Prescott, ). In particular, livestock carcasses may be a shared source of pathogens and pharmaceuticals used to combat them (Blanco et al., , ,; Pitarch et al., ), especially antimicrobials that may alter the normal microbiota and depress the immune system (Keeney, Yurist‐Doutsch, Arrieta, & Finlay, ). Since Salmonella infection may be passed transovarially to eggs, its impact on female infertility and hatching success should also be evaluated in failed eggs to determine its impact on breeding failure and productivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria from free‐living birds can acquire resistance to antibiotics due to multiple contaminations with human and livestock residues, and disperse this resistance around the world (Allen et al., ). Specifically, by consuming carcasses of treated livestock, scavengers can be directly exposed to antibiotics and other drugs used to combat disease (Blanco, Junza, & Barrón, ; Blanco, Junza, Segarra, Barbosa, & Barrón, ; Blanco et al., ), and then acquire or develop pathogen resistance to these drugs (Blanco, ). Therefore, the combined evaluation of diet, occurrence of pathogens and their drug resistance can provide information about the scavengers' exposure to food acting as infection sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementary feeding as a source of multiresistantSalmonellain endangered Egyptian vultures

Blanco

2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Wild birds have repeatedly been highlighted as vectors in the dissemination of livestock and human pathogens. Here, the occurrence, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella were assessed in adult Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus), to test the hypothesis that infection is associated with the consumption of swine carcasses provided at supplementary feeding stations (SFSs). Faeces of year-round resident griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) were also tested to assess whether infection was acquired in the breeding grounds of both species or in the African wintering quarters of Egyptian vultures. Depending on the shedding rate criteria considered, the occurrence of infection in Egyptian vultures varied between the three consecutive sampling days in a range with a minimum of 23%-41% and a maximum of 64%-92% of individuals (n = 11-14 individuals, 27-39 faeces). The occurrence in the single sampling of griffon vultures was 61% of faeces (n = 18). Vultures mostly fed on pig carcasses, which together with their predominant infection with multiresistant serotypes (mostly the monophasic 4,12:i:- variant resistant to aminopenicillins, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines) typically found in pigs from Spain, strongly supports a carcass-to-vulture transmission and cross-infection routes at SFSs. Efforts are encouraged to avoid discarding carcasses of pigs with Salmonella at SFSs established for the conservation of threatened scavengers. This could contribute to reducing the long-distance transmission of resistant pathogens with an impact on livestock and human health while avoiding infection risk and its effects on wildlife.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementary feeding as a source of multiresistantSalmonellain endangered Egyptian vultures

Blanco

2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…However, the substantial use of drugs may increase the risk of adverse effects of these residues to humans [3, 22,23]. Continuous ingestion of veterinary drug residues can promote the development of drug resistance bacterial strains in an individual, resulting in resistance to treatment with the same antibiotics when need arises [24][25][26]. Veterinary drug traces also have harmful effects on humans, such as allergic reactions, liver damage, yellowing of teeth and gastrointestinal disturbance [27].…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An excessive use of antibiotics in commercially reared animals does not only affect humans, it can also affect the food chain leading to ecological imbalances. For example, a deficient management of the livestock carcasses can lead to antibiotic resistance in the scavengers that ingest them, like vultures [24][25][26]. The disposal of medicated animals should be regulated to minimize the risk in scavenger birds.…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Extraction and Cleanup Methods of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food Samples of Animal Origin

Moyo¹,

Tavengwa²

2019

Recent Advances in Analytical Chemistry

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Extensive research on the presence of veterinary drug residues in food samples has been conducted and is still underway. The inappropriate or excessive use of veterinary drugs in food producing animals may result in trace quantities of these drugs or their metabolites in food samples. Food contamination by veterinary drug residues is one of the main challenges worldwide to public health with drug resistance being the biggest threat. One of the challenges in veterinary drug residue analysis is their occurrence in trace amounts that are normally below limits of detection of most analytical instruments. Various efficient, economical, miniaturized and environmentally friendly extraction methods have been developed in recent years to pre-concentrate these analytes before instrumental analysis to enhance their detection and also to overcome the limitations of traditional extraction methods such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction. These methods include quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS), molecularly imprinted polymers, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction, and they will be discussed in this chapter.

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The consequences of predators without prey

Parsons¹,

Newsome

Young³

2021

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Rapid and ongoing environmental change is leading to scenarios where marine and terrestrial predators are persisting without prey, either by scavenging or using anthropogenic foods. Despite investigations into the effects of predator presence or absence on prey behavior and ecology, little research has assessed the effect of prey absence on predators. Here, we synthesize research on scavenging and the use of anthropogenic resources by marine and terrestrial predators; hypothesize how the use of these resources may change predator behavior with respect to their social structure, space use, life history, and individual behavioral traits; and illustrate how these changes are likely to have cascading effects through ecosystems. The prevalence of predators persisting without prey will almost certainly change in the future due to altered availability of anthropogenic foods, scavenging opportunities, and natural prey. We discuss areas of needed research and the relevance of our findings to both the conservation and ecology of predators and management of human–wildlife conflict.

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Occurrence of veterinary pharmaceuticals in golden eagle nestlings: Unnoticed scavenging on livestock carcasses and other potential exposure routes

Cited by 36 publications

References 48 publications

Supplementary feeding as a source of multiresistantSalmonellain endangered Egyptian vultures

Supplementary feeding as a source of multiresistantSalmonellain endangered Egyptian vultures

Modern Extraction and Cleanup Methods of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food Samples of Animal Origin

The consequences of predators without prey

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