Occurrence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in workplaces and human biomonitoring of mycotoxins in exposed workers: a systematic review

Franco, Larissa Tuanny; Ismail, Amir; Amjad, Adnan; Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de

doi:10.1080/15569543.2020.1795685

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Exposure to mycotoxins does not always have to be related to food consumption. There are studies [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] that explored the occurrence of mycotoxins in working or living environments and the results showed that exposure to mycotoxins can be related to these places too. This will be further discussed in Section 2.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As can be seen from Table 1, mycotoxins can be found in many types of food. Many reviews and original articles deal with worldwide exposure to mycotoxins [3,5,[22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Exposure 21 Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the classical analytical approaches provide valuable data. The estimation of exposure via biomarkers correlates the direct exposure assessment with the dietary mycotoxins ingestions [22]. HBM is by definition the analysis of mycotoxin biomarkers in body fluids and tissues and serves to estimate the internal exposure of humans to food contaminants [216,217].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure

Habschied

Šarić

Krstanović

2021

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that commonly have a toxic effect on human and animal health. Different foodstuff can be contaminated and are considered the major source of human exposure to mycotoxins, but occupational and environmental exposure can also significantly contribute to this problem. This review aims to provide a short overview of the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and regulated mycotoxins in foods and workplaces, following the current literature and data presented in scientific papers. Biomonitoring of mycotoxins in plasma, serum, urine, and blood samples has become a common method for determining the exposure to different mycotoxins. Novel techniques are more and more precise and accurate and are aiming toward the simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in one analysis. Application of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a common and most reliable method for determining the exposure to mycotoxins. Numerous references confirm the importance of mycotoxin biomonitoring to assess the exposure for humans and animals. The objectives of this paper were to review the general approaches to biomonitoring of different mycotoxins and the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins, using recent literature sources.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As can be seen from Table 1, mycotoxins can be found in many types of food. Many reviews and original articles deal with worldwide exposure to mycotoxins [3,5,[22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Exposure 21 Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure

Habschied

Šarić

Krstanović

2021

Toxins

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“…Several production animals are susceptible to mycotoxin toxic effects, especially pigs (Cimbalo et al, 2020), broiler chicks (Yang et al, 2020), and fish (Fallah et al, 2014). The main health issues associated with the ingestion of mycotoxins include hepatotoxic, renal, neurological, estrogenic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects (Franco et al, 2021). AFs have carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressive effects (Heshmati et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of mycotoxins in pastures: A systematic review

Aranega

Oliveira

2022

Qual. Assur. Saf. Crops Foods

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In this study, a systematic review is presented on the worldwide occurrence levels of mycotoxins in pastures reported in the scientific literature from January 1987 until December 2021. Trichothecenes and zearalenone were the most frequent mycotoxins found at high levels in pastures from countries in Europe, Oceania, and North America. Alternariol and Ergot alkaloids were also frequently detected, although at low levels. A few surveys were conducted in South American countries, and no information was available from the African and Asian continents, stressing the need for studies on the occurrence of mycotoxins in pastures from those regions, especially in tropical areas, where pastures are used as main sources for animal nutrition.

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“…Moreover, mycotoxins were detected 2 of 20 in children's plasma [13]. Additionally, occupational exposure to carcinogenic aflatoxins (AF) in agricultural-related workspaces worldwide are a well-known health concern [14]. To date, several hundred mycotoxins have been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mold, Mycotoxins and a Dysregulated Immune System: A Combination of Concern?

Kraft

Buchenauer

Polte

2021

IJMS

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Fungi represent one of the most diverse and abundant eukaryotes on earth. The interplay between mold exposure and the host immune system is still not fully elucidated. Literature research focusing on up-to-date publications is providing a heterogenous picture of evidence and opinions regarding the role of mold and mycotoxins in the development of immune diseases. While the induction of allergic immune responses by molds is generally acknowledged, other direct health effects like the toxic mold syndrome are controversially discussed. However, recent observations indicate a particular importance of mold/mycotoxin exposure in individuals with pre-existing dysregulation of the immune system, due to exacerbation of underlying pathophysiology including allergic and non-allergic chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and even human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. In this review, we focus on the impact of mycotoxins regarding their impact on disease progression in pre-existing immune dysregulation. This is complemented by experimental in vivo and in vitro findings to present cellular and molecular modes of action. Furthermore, we discuss hypothetical mechanisms of action, where evidence is missing since much remains to be discovered.

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Occurrence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in workplaces and human biomonitoring of mycotoxins in exposed workers: a systematic review

Cited by 12 publications

References 101 publications

Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure

Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure

Occurrence of mycotoxins in pastures: A systematic review

Mold, Mycotoxins and a Dysregulated Immune System: A Combination of Concern?

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