Occurrence of the New Invasive Pest, Fall Armyworm, &lt;i&gt;Spodoptera frugiperda&lt;/i&gt; (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Maize Fields of Karnataka, India

Ganiger, Prabhu; Yeshwanth, H. M.; Muralimohan, K.; Vinay, N; Kumar, Arun; Chandrashekara, K.

doi:10.18520/cs/v115/i4/621-623

Cited by 160 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Recently published pest distribution and climatic suitability models have indicated that the environmental requirements for this pest to establish itself permanently are present through large parts of Africa and Asia and some parts of Europe [4,5]. The pest’s distribution has reached the southern fringes of the Sahara, and it has most recently been reported from several states in India [6,7], as well as Yemen, Myanmar, Thailand, and Sri Lanka [8]. Indeed, it is likely that it will spread further north to Europe and other countries in Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telenomus remus, a Candidate Parasitoid for the Biological Control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa, is already Present on the Continent

Kenis

Plessis

Berg

et al. 2019

Insects

118

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The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a moth originating from tropical and subtropical America, has recently become a serious pest of cereals in sub-Saharan Africa. Biological control offers an economically and environmentally safer alternative to synthetic insecticides that are being used for the management of this pest. Consequently, various biological control options are being considered, including the introduction of Telenomus remus, the main egg parasitoid of S. frugiperda in the Americas, where it is already used in augmentative biological control programmes. During surveys in South, West, and East Africa, parasitized egg masses of S. frugiperda were collected, and the emerged parasitoids were identified through morphological observations and molecular analyses as T. remus. The presence of T. remus in Africa in at least five countries provides a great opportunity to develop augmentative biological control methods and register the parasitoid against S. frugiperda. Surveys should be carried out throughout Africa to assess the present distribution of T. remus on the continent, and the parasitoid could be re-distributed in the regions where it is absent, following national and international regulations. Classical biological control should focus on the importation of larval parasitoids from the Americas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telenomus remus, a Candidate Parasitoid for the Biological Control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa, is already Present on the Continent

Kenis

Plessis

Berg

et al. 2019

Insects

118

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“…The observations of fall armyworm in the Eastern Hemisphere is noteworthy for the geographical breadth of confirmed infestations that occurred shortly after the first detection. Within two years of the initial report of fall armyworm in Western Africa in 2016 [6], the species has been found in most sub-Saharan nations ranging from Kenya to the east and South Africa to the south [7–11], with recent confirmations of establishment at multiple locations in India [12–15]. There is considerable uncertainty as to what this pattern of detections is revealing about fall armyworm population behavior with two broadly defined alternative scenarios possible, 1) a recent successful introduction followed by rapid and long-distance dissemination, or 2) a long-time and pervasive but until recently unidentified fall armyworm presence in Africa (and perhaps other parts of the Eastern Hemisphere).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of fall armyworm infesting South Africa and India indicate recent introduction from a common source population

Nagoshi

Dhanani²,

Asokan

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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The invasion of the Western Hemisphere native fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ; J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into the Eastern Hemisphere has been notable for the rapidity and geographical breadth of new detections. In the year following the first discovery in western sub-Saharan Africa in 2016, infestations have been documented in most sub-Saharan maize growing regions and has now expanded beyond Africa with populations recently reported in India. These observations could indicate a remarkable capacity for rapid establishment and long-distance dissemination. However, while fall armyworm does exhibit extended migration in North America where it annually traverses thousands of kilometers, this behavior is known to be dependent on highly favorable wind patterns and so can’t be assumed to occur in all locations. An alternative possibility is that the species has long been present in Africa, and perhaps the rest of the hemisphere, but was undetected until the enhanced monitoring that resulted after its initial discovery. Determining whether the fall armyworm in the Eastern Hemisphere is newly arrived or long pre-existing is important for assessing the risks of significant economic impacts, as the former indicates a change in pest composition while the latter does not. This study examined this issue by comparing collections from two geographically distant locations, South Africa and India. Sequence comparisons were used to quantify differences between the South Africa and India collections, assess the likelihood of their sharing a common source population, and their possible relationship with previously characterized fall armyworm from other regions of Africa. The results indicate genetic homogeneity between the South African and Indian fall armyworm populations tested and substantial similarities between these and collections from eastern Africa. The implications of these findings on fall armyworm population behavior and composition are discussed.

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“…Long a significant pest of agriculture in its native New World range, the noctuid fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda was first reported in West Africa (Nigeria and São Tomé and Príncipe) in early 2016 17 , followed by confirmation across central (Congo 18 ; Togo 19 , Southern 20 and Eastern 21 ) sub-Saharan Africa between early 2017 to 2018 22 . The Middle East (Yemen 23 ) followed by India 24,25 and surrounding nations (e.g., Bangladesh, Sri Lanka). Myanmar 26 and Thailand 27 also reported detection of the pest between August and December 2018, followed by Southern China (Yunnan Province) in early January 2019 28–30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global FAW population genomic signature supports complex introduction events across the Old World

Tay

Rane

Padovan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Accurate genomic knowledge can elucidate the global spread patterns of invasive pests. The highprofile invasive agricultural pest Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; FAW) is a case in point. Native to the Americas, the FAW was first reported in West Africa in 2016 and has rapidly spread to over 64 countries across the Old World, resulting in significant economic losses. The chronological order of reported detections has led to the hypothesis that the FAW moved eastwards across Africa and then Asia, however genomic evidence remains lacking to test this hypothesis and to identify the potential origin of invasive populations. Using a whole genome sequencing approach, we explored the population genomic signatures of FAW populations from the Americas and the Old World. Analyses of complete mitochondrial DNA genomes identified 12 maternal lineages across the invasive range, while genomic signatures from 870 high-quality nuclear genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) DNA markers identified five distinct New World populations that broadly reflected their native geographical ranges and absence of host-plant preference status. Unique FAW populations in the Old World were also identified that suggested multiple introductions underpinned their rapid global spread. We identified in Asian FAW individuals, genomes lacking evidence of admixture; while analysis of identified complex substructure revealed significant directional geneflow from Asia into East Africa, in contrast to a simple east-towest spread. Our study highlights the need for population genomics approaches in analysing complex pest invasions, and the importance of international partnership to address global biosecurity challenges presented by emerging high priority insect pests. Correspondence

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Occurrence of the New Invasive Pest, Fall Armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Maize Fields of Karnataka, India

Cited by 160 publications

References 0 publications

Telenomus remus, a Candidate Parasitoid for the Biological Control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa, is already Present on the Continent

Telenomus remus, a Candidate Parasitoid for the Biological Control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa, is already Present on the Continent

Genetic characterization of fall armyworm infesting South Africa and India indicate recent introduction from a common source population

Global FAW population genomic signature supports complex introduction events across the Old World

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