Occurrence of Surgical Site Infections at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Abuja, Nigeria: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most frequent complications of surgical interventions. Several factors have been identified as major determinants of occurrence of SSIs. The present study determined the occurrence and possible risk factors associated with SSIs at a tertiary healthcare facility in Abuja, Nigeria. All patients scheduled for operation in the hospital during the study period and who consented to participate willingly in the study were observed prospectively for the occurrence of SSI based on criteria stipulated by the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, surgical procedure and co-morbidity were collected into a pre-tested data collection tool and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics software v.24. Predictors of SSIs were identified using multivariate logistic regression model and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 127 surgical patients that met the inclusion criteria comprising 65 (51.2%) females and 62 (48.8%) males between 1 and 83 years with mean age of 25.64 ± 1.66 years, 35 (27.56%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.205–0.360) developed SSIs. Prolonged post-operative hospital stays (p < 0.05), class of wound (p < 0.0001) and some comorbid conditions were found to be significantly associated with higher SSI rate. The SSI rate was highest among patients that had Kirschner-wire insertion (75.0%), followed by an unexpectedly high infection rate among patients that had mastectomy (42.9%), while lower percentages (33.3%) were recorded among patients that had exploratory laparotomy and appendicectomy. The overall magnitude of SSIs in this facility is high (27.6%; 95% CI: 0.205–0.360). Several factors were found to be independent predictors of occurrence of SSI. The findings thus highlight the need for improved surveillance of SSIs and review of infection control policies of the hospital.

Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of surgical site infections among patients admitted to Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia: Prospective cohort study

“…This might be due to exclusion of orthopaedics & Gynecology/obstetric surgery in Indian study. Incidence of present study was lower than the previous reports from Tanzania (25%) [ 41 ] and Nigeria (27.56%) [ 42 ]. The difference might be due to the study setting and types of study participant's condition; for example, most of patients include to the study in Nigeria had dirty wound.…”

Are Invasive Procedures and a Longer Hospital Stay Increasing the Risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections among the Admitted Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia?

“…In many developing countries, data about the prevalence and associated factors of HCAIs at referral hospitals are scarce. e existing literatures, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa countries, were restricted to certain wards of the hospitals [17][18][19]. Likewise, studies conducted in Ethiopia are mainly limited to particular sites of infections [20][21][22], but minimizing HCAIs within the hospitals is a key aspect of patient safety initiatives.…”

Effects of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Surgical Site Infection

“…It also poses a burden by causing prolong use of antibiotics. Longer hospital stay is also linked with the surgical site infections causing a burden on the individual as well as health care budget of the country 15,16 .…”