Are Invasive Procedures and a Longer Hospital Stay Increasing the Risk of Healthcare-Associated Infections among the Admitted Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia?

Abstract

Background. Healthcare-associated infection is a major public health problem, in terms of mortality, morbidity, and costs. Majorities of the cause of these infections were preventable. Understanding the potential risk factors is important to reduce the impact of these avoidable infections. The study was aimed to identify factors associated with healthcare-associated infections among patients admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 433 patients over a period of five months at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from a patient admitted for 48 hours and above in the four wards (surgical, medical, obstetrics/gynecology, and pediatrics) using a structured questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to identify predictors of healthcare-associated infections. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Fifty-four (13.7%) patients had a history of a previous admission. The median length of hospital stay was 6.1 days. Forty-six (11.7%) participants reported comorbid conditions. Ninety-six (24.4%) participants underwent surgical procedures. The overall prevalence of healthcare-associated infection was 29 (7.4%, 95% CI: 5.2–10.6). Cigarette smoking (AOR: 5.18, 95% CI: 2.15–20.47), staying in the hospital for more than 4 days (AOR: 4.29, 95% CI: 2.31–6.15), and undergoing invasive procedures (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.11–7.52) increase the odds of acquiring healthcare-associated infections. Conclusion. The cumulative prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in this study was comparable with similar studies conducted in developing countries. Cigarette smoking, staying in the hospital for more than 4 days, and undergoing invasive procedures increase the odds of healthcare-associated infections. These factors should be considered in the infection prevention and control program of the hospital.

Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in surgical wards of a large urban central hospital in Blantyre, Malawi: a point prevalence survey

“…We report hospital length of stay, presence of indwelling urinary catheter and history of surgery in the past 30 days as risk factors significantly associated with HAI, consistent with other reports [ 2 , 9 , 22 , 24 , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] ]. Indwelling urinary catheter exposure is a well-established risk factor for UTI, associated with extra hospital length of stay and healthcare-cost [ 3 , 42 , 44 , 45 ]. Recent surgery may be a proxy for high-risk procedures such as central/peripheral vein catheter, urinary catheter and endotracheal intubation during the surgical procedure.…”

Prevalence of Hospital Acquired Infection and Associated Factors Among Patients Admitted, at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Getachew Melakie 1, Embialle Mengistie2, Tesfaye Ashenafi3, Busera Seman4 1′ 2’3 Hawassa University Dep

“…The prevalence of HAI revealed high a teaching hospitals in Africa such as the prevalence in Uganda 28%, Ghana14% [7], and Ethiopia 7.4% to19.4% [8][9][10] were higher than the prevalence reported from USA (8.7%) [11] and china (4.26%) [12]. On top of that, extended-spectrum betalactamase producing Gram-negative bacilli (1.9% to 53.0%) were the most reported antimicrobial resistant pathogens for causing HAIs [13].…”

Prevalence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

“…However, in Ethiopia, the burden of HAI is not well described [13][14][15] and data about risk factors of HAI is scarce. 16 An initial review of relevant databases provided no research or systematic review and meta-analysis that reported the nationwide prevalence of HAIs in Ethiopia. The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to estimate the prevalence and evaluate the factors associated with HAI among patients admitted to health facilities in Ethiopia.…”