Occurrence of pesticides in danish shallow ground water

Spliid, Niels Henrik; Køppen, Benny

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00128-3

Cited by 145 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) is extensively used as an herbicide against broad-leaf weeds; for this reason, like other phenoxyacid compounds (Rugge et al, 2002), it is environmentally widespread and has been detected in agricultural drainage water (Tran et al, 2007), groundwater (Spliid and Koppen, 1998;Harrison et al, 1998), and sometimes even in water supplies intended for human use (Henriksen et al, 2001). It is an acid with pK a ≈ 3.1 (Martell et al, 1997) and, therefore, it is mainly present in environmental waters as the anionic form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dissolved organic compounds on the photodegradation of the herbicide MCPA in aqueous solution

Vione

Khanra²,

Das³

et al. 2010

Water Research

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This works shows that the addition of phenol and 2-propanol as model organic compounds significantly decreases the direct photolysis quantum yield of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) upon UVB irradiation in aqueous solution. Laser flash photolysis data suggest that 2-propanol is able to decrease the formation of the MCPA excited states under irradiation. A decrease from 0.54 to 0.34 of the photolysis quantum yield of the anionic form of MCPA (which prevails over the undissociated one in surface waters) could have a considerable impact on the MCPA lifetime in ecosystems where the direct photolysis is the main phototransformation pathway. In surface water bodies where the direct photolysis has comparable kinetics as the reaction with • OH, a decrease of the quantum yield would enhance the relative importance of the • OH pathway, which yields considerably less toxic intermediates than the direct photolysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dissolved organic compounds on the photodegradation of the herbicide MCPA in aqueous solution

Vione

Khanra²,

Das³

et al. 2010

Water Research

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“…By the 1990s atrazine, simazine and a range of other herbicides had been found in groundwater worldwide [31][32][33][34][35][36]. Recently new detections of parent compounds have become apparent as analytical methods have improved, for example metaldehyde in the UK [37], and this also fits the emerging contaminant definition.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Organic Contaminants in Groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

2013

Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation

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Emerging organic contaminants (ECs) are compounds now being found in groundwater from agricultural, urban sources that were previously not detectable, or thought to be significant. ECs include pesticides and degradates, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment byproducts, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as 'life-style' compounds such as caffeine and nicotine. ECs may have adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health.Frequently detected ECs include the anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, the anti-inflammatories ibuprofen and diclofenac, and caffeine, as well as pesticide degradates. This means there will be challenges in the future in order to address these ECs and to minimise their impact on drinking water and ecosystems. In the coming decades, more ECs are likely to have environmental standards defined, and therefore a better understanding of environmental behaviour remains a priority.

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“…However, in many countries, an increased interest in physical and cultural weed control methods (Balbinot Jr & Fleck, 2005;Moraes et al, 2009), including the use of intercrops (Borghi et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2009), has been observed in the past two decades (Melander et al, 2005). Such interest has been created due to soil and water pollution by agrochemicals, which in some countries has been mainly caused by the use of herbicides (Spliid & Koeppen, 1998). In addition to environmental pollution, herbicide use may contribute towards an impoverishment of the fauna and flora (Marshall et al, 2003), and human consumption of herbicide residues via contaminated water and foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen doses and weed control via intercropping with gliricidia for corn production

et al. 2010

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Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial influence of nitrogen doses on corn dry grain yield and green ear yield. Due to a growing concern with environmental degradation, many agricultural practices, adopted in the past, are being reexamined. With regard to weed control, strategies that employ mechanical control, including intercrops, are being the object of renewed interest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha-1; as ammonium sulfate) and weed control on the growth, green ear yield, and grain yield of the AG 1051 corn cultivar. A randomized block experimental design with split-plots and nine replications was adopted. In addition to nitrogen rates, the AG 1051 cultivar was submitted to the following treatments, applied to subplots: no weeding, two hoeings (at 20 and 40 days after sowing), and intercropping with gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium). Gliricidia was sowed at corn planting, between the corn rows, using two seedlings per pit, in pits spaced 0.30 m apart. Gliricidia did not provide weed control, and gave plant growth, green ear yield and grain yield values similar to the no weeding treatment. However, regarding the number of mature ears got, intercropping with gliricidia did not differ from the two-hoeing treatment. Weed control did not have an effect on plant height and number of marketable, husked green ears, with the application of 120 kg N ha-1; indicating that nitrogen improved the corn's competitive ability. The two-hoeing treatment provided the best means for total green ears weight, number of marketable husked ears, both unhusked and husked marketable ear weight, grain yield and its components than the other treatments. Nitrogen application increased corn growth, green ear yield, and grain yield, as well as weed green biomass, but reduced the stand and growth of gliricidia.

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Occurrence of pesticides in danish shallow ground water

Cited by 145 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of dissolved organic compounds on the photodegradation of the herbicide MCPA in aqueous solution

Effect of dissolved organic compounds on the photodegradation of the herbicide MCPA in aqueous solution

Emerging Organic Contaminants in Groundwater

Nitrogen doses and weed control via intercropping with gliricidia for corn production

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