Occurrence of Mycoplasmas in Galapagos Sea Lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) and their Association with Other Respiratory Pathogens

Evaluating the Possibility of Transfusion Medicine, Through Crossmatching in Juvenile Galapagos Sea Lions (Zalophus wollebaeki)

“…Additionally, multiple other parasitic infections have been reported in Galapagos sea lions including Mycoplasma spp., Parafilaroides spp., and Otostongylus spp. ( 5 , 28 ). Chronic infection with these parasites and yet to be discovered parasites may cause anemia in this species and thus warrant a transfusion as a component of the treatment.…”

“…The main factor in this population decline is the variable availability of resources during oceanographic warming events such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation ( 2 , 3 ). However, the risk of exposure to diseases related to introduced animals (e.g., dogs and cats) and injuries associated with anthropogenic activities increases as the human population and tourism industry grow ( 4 , 5 ).…”

Dirofilaria immitis Identified in Galapagos Sea Lions (Zalophus wollebaeki): A Wildlife Health and Conservation Concern

“…Even diseases that typically have low pathogenicity may become life-threatening during periods of food stress faced by marine mammals (Simeone et al 2015). Additionally, the progressive increase in tourism and the potential infectious disease spread from introduced domestic animals have become significant conservation issues (Sarzosa et al 2021). The potential exists for exposure to pathogens from companion animals to be mitigated locally by controlling infections in these introduced species.…”