Dirofilaria immitis Identified in Galapagos Sea Lions (Zalophus wollebaeki): A Wildlife Health and Conservation Concern

Gregory, Taylor M; Livingston, Isabella; Hawkins, Eleanor C.; Loyola, Andrea; Cavé, A.J.; Vaden, Shelly L.; Deresienski, Diane; Breen, Matthew; Riofrío-Lazo, Marjorie; Lewbart, Gregory A.; Páez‐Rosas, Diego

doi:10.7589/jwd-d-22-00119

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In 1985, Barnett (1985a) documented circulating microfilariae in 19% (7/36) of Galápagos sea lions sampled, demonstrating a direct and long-standing risk to this iconic species. A newer report confirmed the presence of intracardiac worms in a Galápagos sea lion (Gregory et al, 2023), demonstrating that D. immitis could become established in a wildlife reservoir.…”

Section: Parasitic Diseases Of Importance To the Galápagos Islandsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For instance, Barnett and Rudd first documented canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) microfilariae in Galápagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) on Floreana Island in the 1980s (Barnett & Rudd, 1983; Barnett, 1985a). This publication, written in Spanish and held in print at the Charles Darwin Research Station, is largely inaccessible to the larger scientific community, and thus, a 2023 publication claims itself to be the first report of D. immitis infection in Galápagos sea lions (Gregory et al, 2023).…”

Section: Historical Context Of Galapagos Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of One Health in the Galápagos Islands (Part 1): Historical Perspective, Invasive Species, and Emerging Infectious Diseases

Jimenez,

Vega-Mariño,

Villacres

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Galápagos archipelago is a vast reservoir of terrestrial and marine biodiversity, owing in large part to its relatively recent volcanic genesis and colonization by humans. This unique ecological system is particularly susceptible to human, animal, and environmental impacts. Climate change, globalization, and the blurring of human-domestic animal-wildlife interfaces are poised to bring new threats and challenges to the region. A One Health perspective that simultaneously considers human, animal, and environmental health is imperative in assessing and mitigating the challenges facing the Galápagos Islands.In Part I of this review, we provide the historical context for biodiversity in the archipelago; discuss the role of invasive species in habitat destruction, fragmentation, and competition with endemic species; and summarize the established and emerging infectious disease threats. We also discuss the imperative to implement research, surveillance, and preventative measures to identify and manage future threats from a One Health perspective, with a specific emphasis on implications for wildlife health. In Part II, we outline the socioeconomic context of life in the Galápagos Islands, evaluate the current and predicted effects of climate change, and discuss direct anthropogenic factors affecting Galápagos biodiversity, such as tourism, fishing, pollution, and the illegal wildlife trade. We also examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region. Throughout this two-part review, we build a cohesive picture of One Health in the Galápagos Islands by integrating past work, current needs, and emerging threats. We also consider overarching goals for conservation, ecosystem management, and socioeconomic sustainability that have been previously defined by both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, and we identify discrete, implementable, and interdisciplinary recommendations that will facilitate achievement of those goals.

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Section: Parasitic Diseases Of Importance To the Galápagos Islandsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Historical Context Of Galapagos Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%