Occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. and other pathogens in lymph nodes of slaughtered swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Lara, Gustavo Henrique Batista; Ribeiro, Márcio Garcia; Leite, Clarice Queico Fujimura; Paes, Antônio Carlos; Guazzelli, Alessandro; Silva, Aristeu Vieira da; Santos, Adolfo Carlos Barreto; Listoni, Fernando José Paganini

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.06.009

Cited by 52 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A similar observation was recently described in a study where 31% of Mycobacterium-positive lymph nodes of slaughter pigs did not show any visible lesions (56). This is interesting, considering that Mycobacteria are usually diagnosed only during postmortem examination in the slaughter process (57,58). The presence of Mycobacteria in groups other than granulomatous ICLNs might represent an early stage of pathological alteration which is not yet morphologically identifiable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Microbiomes of Unreactive and Pathologically Altered Ileocecal Lymph Nodes of Slaughter Pigs

Mann

Dzieciol

Metzler‐Zebeli

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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c Microbe-laden dendritic cells are shifted to ileocecal lymph nodes (ICLNs), where microbes are concentrated and an adequate immune response is triggered. Hence, ICLNs are at a crucial position in immune anatomy and control processes of the local immune system. Pathological alterations in ICLNs, such as reactive hyperplasia, lymphadenitis purulenta, or granulomatosa, can harbor a multitude of pathogens and commensals, posing a potential zoonotic risk in animal production. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial diversity of unreactive ICLNs of slaughter pigs and to investigate community shifts in reactive ICLNs altered by enlargement, purulence, or granulomatous formations. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from 32 ICLNs yielded 175,313 sequences, clustering into 650 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). OTUs were assigned to 239 genera and 11 phyla. Besides a highly diverse bacterial community in ICLNs, we observed significant shifts in pathologically altered ICLNs. The relative abundances of Cloacibacterium-and Novosphingobium-associated OTUs and the genus Faecalibacterium were significantly higher in unreactive ICLNs than in pathologically altered ICLNs. Enlarged ICLNs harbored significantly more Lactobacillus-and Clostridium-associated sequences. Relative abundances of Mycoplasma, Bacteroides, Veillonella, and Variovorax OTUs were significantly increased in granulomatous ICLNs, whereas abundances of Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and Acinetobacter OTUs were significantly increased in purulent ICLNs (P < 0.05). Correlation-based networks revealed interactions among OTUs in all ICLN groups, and discriminant analyses depicted discrimination in response to pathological alterations. This study is the first community-based survey in ICLNs of livestock animals and will provide a basis to broaden the knowledge of microbe-host interactions in pigs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Microbiomes of Unreactive and Pathologically Altered Ileocecal Lymph Nodes of Slaughter Pigs

Mann

Dzieciol

Metzler‐Zebeli

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The presence of Rhodococcus equi has been reported more frequently in lesions suspected of Mycobacterium infection (Alban et al, 2008; EFSA Panels on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), 2011; Komijn et al, 1999;Komijn et al, 2007;. Although the prevalence of Rhodococcus equi has not been documented in Canadian swine, we suspect that this infection is common in MLNs with granulomatous lesions as it is in other countries (Lara et al, 2011;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…A total of 874 suspected lesions of tuberculosis in MLNs, lung, thoracic or mesenteric lymph nodes were systematically submitted to Mycobacterium culture over the period 2007-2011: M. bovis was detected in 12.8% of them, M. avium in 11.7%, whereas the culture was negative in 48.2% and inconclusive in 27.3%. Generally, M. avium seems the species most often involved in mycobacterial of swine (Alvarez et al, 2011;Eisenberg et al, 2012;Johansen, Agdestein, Lium, Jorgensen, & Djonne, 2014;Lara et al, 2011;. In Argentina though, M. bovis was the most frequent species observed in pigs (Barandiaran et al, 2015), followed by co-infection with M. avium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hog Mandibular Lymph Node Abnormalities and Bacteriological Contamination at Slaughter in Canada

Ravel¹,

Sidibé²,

Moreau³

et al. 2015

JFR

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In the context of meat inspection modernization, the current mandatory incision and visual inspection of all hog mandibular lymph nodes (MLNs) to detect signs of infection by Mycobacterium bovis, a zoonotic infection is examined. Canadian data of MLN pathology and microbial contamination are scarce and the performance of the current regulatory inspection of MLNs in actually detecting lesions and contamination by Mycobacterium bovis has not been documented. A survey of MLN condition in market hogs according to various inspection schemes was undertaken to fill the data gap. One MLN of a representative sample of 149 483 hogs were submitted to standard pathological and bacteriological analyses. Actual abnormal MLNs actually were rare (below 8%). They are often under detected by the current inspection because of limited sensitivity (18%). Such abnormalities, even undetected, have very limited, if any, impact on human health since the pathological and microbiological analyses failed to provide evidence of Mycobacterium bovis infection. On the other hand, MLNs can be contaminated with several bacteria potentially pathogenic to humans, raising the risk of cross-contamination during the inspection with incision. Finally, the current incision and visual inspection of all hog MLNs and the proposed visual-only inspection perform similarly in identifying abnormal MLNs.

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“…The subspecies MAA and MAH can cause diverse disseminated infections, tuberculosis-like illnesses, lymphadenitis and osteomyelitis in animals and in humans [4]. MAA and MAH have been the most frequently isolated mycobacterial species from tuberculous lesions in slaughtered pigs and cattle [4,[42][43]. Reports on MAH isolates from pigs and humans being closely related [44][45][46][47][48], and the fact that a common source of MAH infection in these two mammalian species is yet to be identifi ed, reinforce the theory generated by the present study that porcine intestinal organs or pork meat can be a potential source of human MAH infection [27].…”

Section: Mac and Infection In Humans And Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…colici) on post-mortem examination [8,22,54,[59][60][61][62]. Similar lesions can be caused by other nonmycobacterial agents, such as Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., or various enterobacteria [42,63]. The size of granulomas in pigs infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp.…”

Section: Mac Diagnostics -Main Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteriosis in Pigs – An Underrated Threat

Polaček

Aleksić-Kovačević

2016

Acta Veterinaria

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Although Mycobacterium avium subspecies are generally not considered food pathogens, the infections caused by these particular nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can represent a serious threat to immunocompromised population. Additionally, infections with a member of Mycobacterium Avium Compex (MAC) can affect the effi ciency of BCG vaccines used for the humans. In infected animals, M. avium may be present in different tissues without apparent clinical symptoms and macroscopic lesions. Veterinary meat inspection would then fail to recognize infected animals and such meat and meat products thereof could enter the human diet. The aim of this paper is also to analyze the current control policy in Europe according to infections of pigs with the members of MAC, and point out the risks for public health. By analyzing a large number of meat samples and other dietary nutrients, different groups of authors have provided evidence to support the hypothesis that M. avium is present in the everyday environment. Therefore, food as a source of infection with mycobacteria should not be ignored. The control of mycobacteria requires a better diagnostic approach, having in mind recent positive cases of M. avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) in an increasing number of exported pigs from EU countries to Serbia. The introduction of reliable diagnostic methods for MAH could result in decreasing the occurrence of infection in pigs, as well as in humans, having in mind that WHO reported 10 million new cases of tuberculosis-mycobacteriosis in the human population in 2015 with 21% of these cases occurring in immunocompromised individuals and children.

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Occurrence of Mycobacterium spp. and other pathogens in lymph nodes of slaughtered swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Cited by 52 publications

References 18 publications

Microbiomes of Unreactive and Pathologically Altered Ileocecal Lymph Nodes of Slaughter Pigs

Microbiomes of Unreactive and Pathologically Altered Ileocecal Lymph Nodes of Slaughter Pigs

Hog Mandibular Lymph Node Abnormalities and Bacteriological Contamination at Slaughter in Canada

Mycobacteriosis in Pigs – An Underrated Threat

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