Occurrence of Killer Yeasts in Spontaneous Wine Fermentations from the Tuscany Region of Italy

Vagnoli, Paola; Musmanno, R. A.; Cresti, Stefania; Maggio, Tiziana Di; Coratza, Grazietta

doi:10.1128/aem.59.12.4037-4043.1993

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We 191 found no association between V + or V − phenotypes and ploidy or any of the mutations 192 identified in the sequencing data. Instead, multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that 193 the V − phenotype was caused by the loss of the yeast killer virus, a toxin-antitoxin 194 system encoded by a ∼ 2 kb cytoplasmic dsRNA [53][54][55][56][57] that was present in the 195 ancestor of our experiment (and was retained in the V + clones).…”

Section: Loss Of Killer Virus Causes the V − Phenotype 190mentioning

confidence: 91%

Chance and Necessity in the Pleiotropic Consequences of Adaptation for Budding Yeast

Jerison

Desai

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Mutations that a population accumulates during evolution in one ("home") environment may cause fitness gains or losses in other conditions. Such pleiotropic fitness effects determine the evolutionary fate of the population in variable environments and can lead to ecological specialization. It is unclear how the pleiotropic outcomes of evolution are shaped by the intrinsic randomness of the evolutionary process and by the deterministic variation in selection pressures across environments. To address this question, we evolved 20 replicate populations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 11 laboratory environments and measured their fitness across multiple other conditions. We found that evolution in all home environments led to a diversity of patterns of pleiotropic fitness gains and losses, driven by multiple types of mutations. Approximately 60% percent of this variation are explained by clone's home environment and the most common parallel genetic changes, while about 40% are attributed to the stochastic accumulation of mutations whose pleiotropic effects are unpredictable. On average, populations specialized to their home environment, but generalists also evolved in almost all conditions. Our results suggest that the mutations accumulating in a home environment incur a variety of pleiotropic effects, from costs to benefits, with different probabilities. Therefore, whether a population evolves towards a specialist or a generalist phenotype is heavily influenced by chance.frequencies in a population adapting to one condition typically affect fitness in other 14 conditions? 15Historically, it has been assumed that pleiotropy is often antagonistic, i.e., fitness 16 benefits in one environment should often come at a fitness cost in other 17 conditions [16][17][18]. If antagonistic pleiotropy was common, it would explain why 18 ecological specialization and local adaptation are so widespread in nature. However, 19 more recent field studies have found that adaptive alleles confer fitness defects much less 20 frequently than anticipated [8,[13][14][15]19]. Although theory suggests that ecological 21 specialization and local adaptation can arise without trade-offs [20-22], it is also 22 possible that field studies provide a skewed view of the structure of pleiotropy because 23 of statistical complications and confounding factors, such as migration and unknown 24 environmental variation [23-25]. 25 Laboratory microbial and viral populations are powerful model systems where the 26 structure of pleiotropy can be probed under controlled conditions and with a degree of 27 replication seldom achievable in natural systems. Experimental populations can be 28 evolved in a laboratory environment, adaptive mutations can be identified, and the 29 fitness of evolved genotypes can be directly measured in other conditions. Several dozen 30 such studies in a variety of organisms have been carried out so far (e.g., Refs. [26-45] 31and more references in recent reviews by Elena [15] and Bono et al [14,22]). Their 32 outcomes generall...

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Section: Loss Of Killer Virus Causes the V − Phenotype 190mentioning

confidence: 91%

Chance and Necessity in the Pleiotropic Consequences of Adaptation for Budding Yeast

Jerison

Desai

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The killer activity of 818 previous K + isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from spontaneous fermentations ( Vagnoli et al . 1993 ) was measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The killer phenomenon is widespread among both laboratory and wild‐type yeasts of various origins and genera ( Philliskirk & Young 1975; Cuinier & Gros 1983; Rosini 1983; Ciolfi 1985; Vagnoli et al . 1993 ; Bonilla‐Salinas et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of K + and K‐sensitive isolates throughout fermentation was also evaluated. With regard to the prevalence of the yeast phenotypes (K + or K‐sensitive), three different situations were observed at the end of fermentation: (i) strong prevalence of K‐sensitive yeasts; (ii) strong prevalence of K + yeasts; (iii) slight prevalence of K + yeasts ( Vagnoli et al . 1993 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1993 ). As all K + isolates, which phenotypically appeared to be K2, apparently exhibited variable degrees of toxic activity against the K‐sensitive strain, it was hypothesized that they were producing either different amounts of toxin or toxins with different specific activities, and that the ability to dominate could be related to these parameters ( Vagnoli et al . 1993 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on strong and weak killer phenotypes of wine yeasts: production, activity of toxin in must, and its effect in mixed culture fermentation

1999

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R .A . M U SM AN N O, T. D I M AG G IO AN D G. CO R AT ZA . 1999. Two different killer phenotypes were detected among K ¦ (killer) yeasts isolated from spontaneous wine fermentations using a plate bioassay. The two phenotypes differed in their degree of killer activity, and were designated as SK ¦ (strong killer) and WK ¦ (weak killer). Strains showing either phenotype were assayed for expression of killer activity under different growth conditions. Growth in must negatively affected expression of the killer activity of both phenotypes. The supernatant fluids from must cultures showed a lower killing effect than those from yeast phosphate dextrose broth (YPDB) cultures. The ability of the two K ¦ phenotypes to prevail on K-sensitive yeasts was studied in mixed-culture fermentation experiments. Under these conditions, only strains showing SK ¦ phenotype were able to prevail on the K-sensitive yeasts. These results suggest that the K ¦ phenotype could play a relevant role in spontaneous fermentations provided that the strain exhibits an SK ¦ phenotype, and that the latter phenotype should be preferred when selected K ¦ strains are to be used as fermentation starters.

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Killer behaviour in wild wine yeasts associated with Merlot and Malbec type musts spontaneously fermented from Northwestern Patagonia (Argentina)

Sangorrín

Zajonskovsky

Lopes

et al. 2001

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Occurrence of Killer Yeasts in Spontaneous Wine Fermentations from the Tuscany Region of Italy

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Chance and Necessity in the Pleiotropic Consequences of Adaptation for Budding Yeast

Chance and Necessity in the Pleiotropic Consequences of Adaptation for Budding Yeast

Studies on strong and weak killer phenotypes of wine yeasts: production, activity of toxin in must, and its effect in mixed culture fermentation

Killer behaviour in wild wine yeasts associated with Merlot and Malbec type musts spontaneously fermented from Northwestern Patagonia (Argentina)

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