Occurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease and number of excess cases due to influenza

Grabowska, Katarzyna; Högberg, Liselotte Diaz; Penttinen, Pasi; Svensson, Åke; Ekdahl, Karl

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-58

Cited by 74 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is distinct from concomitant viral/bacterial infection and is usually caused by S. pneumoniae infection preceded by influenza [45]. There is typically a lag time of 2-4 weeks between the two infections, and a study indicates that 12-20% of seasonal cases of invasive pneumococcal disease can be attributed to prior influenza infection [46]. Data from the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic indicate that other bacterial pathogens associated with influenza A infection include S. aureus, Gram-negative rods and group A streptococcus [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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The advent of PCR has improved the identification of viruses in patients with communityacquired pneumonia (CAP). Several studies have used PCR to establish the importance of viruses in the aetiology of CAP.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies that reported the proportion of viral infection detected via PCR in patients with CAP. We excluded studies with paediatric populations. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with viral infection. The secondary outcome was short-term mortality.Our review included 31 studies. Most obtained PCR via nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab. The pooled proportion of patients with viral infection was 24.5% (95% CI 21.5-27.5%). In studies that obtained lower respiratory samples in >50% of patients, the proportion was 44.2% (95% CI 35.1-53.3%). The odds of death were higher in patients with dual bacterial and viral infection (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.32-3.31).Viral infection is present in a high proportion of patients with CAP. The true proportion of viral infection is probably underestimated because of negative test results from nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab PCR. There is increased mortality in patients with dual bacterial and viral infection. @ERSpublications Viral infection is present in a high proportion of patients with community-acquired pneumonia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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“…This Canadian study finds that influenza notifications Granger‐cause IPD, consistent with our observed lagged relation by plain cross‐correlation analysis, but yearly phase and amplitude terms of the fitted sine waves to the two time series were not correlated19—paralleling our result that (pre‐whitened) residuals were not correlated. Actually, most studies not correcting for autocorrelation report a temporal association between either influenza and/or RSV with IPD incidence 5, 18, 20, 25, 28, 29. Strikingly, the study in children up to 16 years of age by Toschke et al., taking into account temporal autocorrelation, showed no association between influenza outbreaks and invasive pneumococcal infection 27.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…RSV and IPD are associated in infants/children,5, 17, 26, 29, 30 and influenza and IPD in the elderly 26, 28, 30. The strongest associations between respiratory viruses and pneumococcal disease occur among the older age groups 18, 20, 22, 26. We could not analyse RSV nor influenza incidence: routine virological testing in the Netherlands, carried out only on sampled ILI patients, gives insufficient power for a time‐series analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histopathological studies in deceased and severe human influenza cases during a pandemic outbreak14, 15, 16 attribute a substantial fraction of influenza deaths to secondary pneumococcal infection. The strength of the interaction between influenza or influenza‐like illness (ILI) and IPD at population level, however, varies across studies from non‐existent to significant 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Studies looking at specific respiratory viruses also showed inconsistent results 5, 28, 29, 30.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal cross‐correlation between influenza‐like illnesses and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Netherlands

Hendriks

Boshuizen

Dekkers

et al. 2017

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundWhile the burden of community‐acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is still considerable, there is little insight in the factors contributing to disease. Previous research on the lagged relationship between respiratory viruses and pneumococcal disease incidence is inconclusive, and studies correcting for temporal autocorrelation are lacking.ObjectivesTo investigate the temporal relation between influenza‐like illnesses (ILI) and IPD, correcting for temporal autocorrelation.MethodsWeekly counts of ILI were obtained from the Sentinel Practices of NIVEL Primary Care Database. IPD data were collected from the Dutch laboratory‐based surveillance system for bacterial meningitis from 2004 to 2014. We analysed the correlation between time series, pre‐whitening the dependent time series with the best‐fit seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to the independent time series. We performed cross‐correlations between ILI and IPD incidences, and the (pre‐whitened) residuals, in the overall population and in the elderly.ResultsWe found significant cross‐correlations between ILI and IPD incidences peaking at lags ‐3 overall and at 1 week in the 65+ population. However, after pre‐whitening, no cross‐correlations were apparent in either population group.ConclusionOur study suggests that ILI occurrence does not seem to be the major driver of IPD incidence in The Netherlands.

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“…It has been reported with 7-21 days of lag time for the onset of bacterial infection following seasonal inluenza. However, shorter times from onset to death have been noticed in pandemic periods [67][68][69].…”

Section: Adjuvant Therapy To Treat Secondary Bacterial Superinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing in the Direction of Right Solutions: Treating Multidrug-Resistant Pneumonia

Chaudhary¹,

Ayub²,

Payasi³

2017

Contemporary Topics of Pneumonia

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Worldwide, antibiotic resistance is a major contemporary public health threat due to rapid emergence of resistant bacteria and endangering the eicacy of antibiotics. There are signiicant number of reports on clinical failure of β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combination and even carbapenems due to various carbapenem resistance mechanisms. The increasing rate of the antibiotic resistance and its impact on treatment failure encouraged us to study newly reported concept of antibiotic adjuvant entities (AAEs) by which the increasing failure rate of antibiotics can be controlled. These AAEs have been developed for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Elores (ceftriaxone + sulbactam with adjuvant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) and Potentox (cefepime + amikacin with adjuvant potassium chloride) are the AAEs for Gram-negative MDR pathogens each catering to a diferent type of resistance and Vancoplus (ceftriaxone + vancomycin with adjuvant L-arginine), another AAE, can help us to last longer in the war against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bugs particularly which cause complicated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) leading to pneumonia. These new antibiotic additions (Elores, Potentox, and Vancoplus) to the current armamentarium to treat MDR infections, including pneumonia, can help us combat against antimicrobial resistance more eiciently.

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Occurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease and number of excess cases due to influenza

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Temporal cross‐correlation between influenza‐like illnesses and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Netherlands

Advancing in the Direction of Right Solutions: Treating Multidrug-Resistant Pneumonia

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