Occurrence of Tobacco streak virus on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in India

Abstract

A virus disease of peanut (groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.), characterized by necrosis of the stem and terminal leaflets followed by death, caused severe crop losses in Andhra Pradesh, India during the rainy season of the year 2000. The disease was referred to as peanut stem necrosis disease (PSND). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, cv. C-152) and Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. Topcrop) were found to be suitable for propagating the virus. In laboratory inoculation tests, the virus was found to infect a large number of plants. In laboratory tests, the virus was transmitted by the thrips Frankliniella schultzei. Virus particles were purified by differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation from infected cowpea plants and were used to elicit the production of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum with high titer. Extracts of infected plants reacted with antiserum to Tobacco streak virus (TSV). Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins extracted from purified virus particles showed them to contain a major protein of 28 kDa and a minor, though prominent, protein of 57 kDa. Gel electrophoresis of RNA extracted from virus particles resolved it into four species with estimated sizes of 3.7, 3.1, 2.2, and 0.9 kb. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was made using as template a sample of the 2.2-kb RNA 3 and as primer an oligonucleotide complementary to sequence in RNA 3 of TSV. Following second strand synthesis, the cDNA was cloned in pBluescript and the nucleotide sequence was obtained for 868 nt of the cDNA. The sequence was 88.4% identical to the sequence in RNA 3 of TSV (strain WC). The results indicate that the causal agent of PSND is TSV. The same virus also was found to cause sunflower necrosis, an economically important disease in India. Studies on the epidemiology of PSND and the identification of virus-resistant peanut genotypes have been initiated to devise strategies to control PSND.

Natural host range, thrips and seed transmission of distinctTobacco streak virusstrains in Queensland, Australia

“…TSV has been reported as the causal agent for major disease outbreaks in sunflower and mung bean in Australia (Sharman et al, 2008), in oilseed and pulse crops in India (Prasada Rao et al, 2000;Reddy et al, 2002) and in soybean in Brazil (Almeida et al, 2005) and the USA (Rabedeaux et al, 2005). In Australia and India, parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is the major alternative host of TSV strains that are closely associated with disease Ann Appl Biol 167 (2015) 197-207 © 2015 The State of Queensland through the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries outbreaks in nearby crops (Prasada Rao et al, 2003;Sharman et al, 2009).…”

Coat protein-mediated transgenic resistance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to peanut stem necrosis disease through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation

“…This disease, peanut stem necrosis disease (PSND), led to losses over $64 million in 2000 in the district of Anantapur alone, a major peanut producing area in India [16]. Tobacco streak virus (TSV) was found associated with the disease [18], which was reported for the first time in peanut from India.…”

“…Parthenium hysterophorous, a wide spread weed acts as a symptomless carrier and virus is spread through pollen grains by the three species of thrips namely Frankliniella schultzei, Scirtothrips dorsalis and Megalothrips usitatus. In case of peanut, Frankliniella schultzei acts as the viral vector [18].…”

Standardization of duplex RT-PCR for simultaneous detection of Peanut bud necrosis virus and Tobacco streak virus naturally infecting peanut (Arachis hypogeae L.)

“…Severe infections lead to complete necrosis and death of plants [4]. TSV is a type species in the genus Ilarvirus, family Bromoviridae [12]. The genome consists of positive sense, linear, tripartite ssRNAs with 5' terminal cap structures.…”

“…The total genome is approximately 8 kb. It is readily sap transmissible and naturally transmitted through pollen from infected plants with the aid of thrips T. palmi [12,4]. Identification and detection of multiple viral pathogens in a crop has multifaceted advantages.…”