Occurrence of Hepatitis A Virus in Water Matrices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Takuissu, Guy Roussel; Kenmoe, Sébastien; Ebogo‐Belobo, Jean Thierry; Kengne‐Nde, Cyprien; Mbaga, Donatien Serge; Bowo‐Ngandji, Arnol; Ondigui, Juliette Laure Ndzie; Kenfack‐Momo, Raoul; Tchatchouang, Serges; Kenfack‐Zanguim, Josiane; Fogang, Robertine Lontuo; Menkem, Elisabeth Zeuko’o; Kame‐Ngasse, Ginette Irma; Magoudjou‐Pekam, Jeannette Nina; Veneri, Carolina; Mancini, Pamela; Ferraro, Giusy Bonanno; Iaconelli, Marcello; Orlandi, Lidia; Giudice, Claudia Del; Suffredini, Elisabetta; Rosa, Giuseppina La

doi:10.3390/ijerph20021054

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…We conducted a systematic review of 80 articles published between 1998 to 2023. Our findings revealed a high overall prevalence of AstV in water, at 36.6%, which is significantly higher than the levels of other waterborne viruses such as hepatitis A (16.7%) and E (9.8%) . The prevalence of AstVs varies significantly depending on the nature of the water matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Our findings revealed a high overall prevalence of AstV in water, at 36.6%, which is significantly higher than the levels of other waterborne viruses such as hepatitis A (16.7%) and E (9.8%). 28 The prevalence of AstVs varies significantly depending on the nature of the water matrix. The highest prevalence was found in untreated wastewater, at 56.8%, while treated wastewater had a prevalence of 48.5%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Prevalence of Astroviruses in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Takuissu,

Kenmoe,

Ebogo-Belobo

et al. 2023

ACS EST Water

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Astroviruses (AstVs) are a major cause of gastroenteritis, especially in children. They can be transmitted through various pathways, including environmental contamination via water matrices. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AstV in different types of water, such as untreated and treated wastewater, surface water (e.g., rivers, lakes, and seawater), groundwater, drinking water, and other water matrices (e.g., irrigation water, gray water, reservoir water, floodwater, and pig slaughterhouse effluents). The meta-analysis included 80 articles, and the overall prevalence of AstV in water matrices was 36.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) of 29.6−44.0]. The highest prevalence was found in untreated wastewater at 56.8% (95% CI of 41.5−71.5), followed by treated wastewater at 48.5% (95% CI of 30.6−66.5), surface water at 28.6% (95% CI of 21.1−36.7), other matrices at 9.8% (95% CI of 0.7−25.3), drinking water at 3.3% (95% CI of 0.2−8.7), and groundwater at 0.5% (95% CI of 0.0−3.4). The most frequent AstVs detected in water environments were human AstVs, but canine and feline AstVs were also detected. Our findings highlight the importance of water as a potential route for AstV transmission, even in high-income countries. Effective water surveillance and treatment measures are necessary to minimize AstV environmental circulation and human infection through water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Prevalence of Astroviruses in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Takuissu,

Kenmoe,

Ebogo-Belobo

et al. 2023

ACS EST Water

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“…HAV is a non-enveloped virus belonging to the Hepatovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family; its genome consists of a single positive-strand RNA molecule [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Considering the heterogenicity of the genome, several genotypes and sub-genotypes have been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, HAV disease presentation is extremely variable depending on the age at which the infection is contracted, with a range from the absence of signs and symptoms to acute liver failure, which is often fatal. About 10–15% of patients develop prolonged or relapsing symptoms for up 6 months [ 7 , 9 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Unlike hepatitis B and C, HAV cannot cause chronic liver infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review

Fallucca,

Restivo,

Sgariglia

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is still a leading cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. After a long incubation period, the clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to acute liver failure. The severity of the disease increases with age and pre-existing liver disease. The transmission is mainly via person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water. Food contamination can occur at any step of the food chain, especially when infected people handle not-heated or otherwise-treated food. HAV is endemic in low-income countries because of poor sanitary and sociodemographic conditions. The populations of developed countries are highly susceptible, and large outbreaks occur when HAV is introduced from endemic countries due to globalization, travel, and movement of foodstuffs. HAV prevention includes hygiene practices, immunoglobulins, and vaccination. Safe and effective inactivated and live attenuated vaccines are available and provide long-term protection. The vaccine targets are children and subjects at increased risk of HAV exposure or serious clinical outcomes. This review discusses the critical role of food handlers in the spread of HAV and the opportunity for food industry employers to consider food handler immunization a tool to manage both food safety in compliance with HACCP principles and food operators’ biologic risk.

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“…The lack of clear seasonality is consistent with reports that HAV infections typically are not seasonal 57 . HAV has been detected in raw sewage globally 58 . Hellmer et al 59 measured HAV in wastewater influent up to 14 cp/ml 59 , and found genotypically identical strains in wastewater and clinical samples.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two years of longitudinal measurements of human adenovirus group F, norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, enterovirus, enterovirus D68, hepatitis A virus,Candida auris, and West Nile virus nucleic-acids in wastewater solids: A retrospective study at two wastewater treatment plants

Boehm,

Wolfe,

White

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Wastewater monitoring for infectious disease targets is increasingly used to better understand circulation of diseases. The present study validated hydrolysis-probe digital droplet (reverse-transcriptase (RT))-PCR assays for important enteric viruses (rotavirus, adenovirus group F, norovirus GI and GII, and enteroviruses), outbreak or emerging viruses (hepatitis A and West Nile virus), and an emerging drug resistant fungal pathogen (Candida auris). We used the assays to retrospectively measure concentrations of the targets in wastewater solids. Viral and fungal nucleic-acid concentrations were measured in two wastewater solids samples per week at two wastewater treatment plants in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, USA for 26 months. We detected all targets in wastewater solids with the exception of West Nile virus. At both wastewater treatment plants, human adenovirus group F was detected at the highest concentrations, followed by norovirus GII, enteroviruses, norovirus GI, and rotavirus at the lowest concentrations. Hepatitis A and C. auris were detected less consistently than the aforementioned viruses. Enterovirus D68 was detected in a limited time frame during fall 2022 at both sites. The measurements reported herein, and in some cases their seasonal trends, are consistent with previous reports of these targets in wastewater. These measurements represent some of the first quantitative measurements of these infectious disease targets in the solid fraction of wastewater. This study lays a foundation for the use of wastewater solids for the detection of specific infectious disease targets in wastewater monitoring programs aimed to better understand the spread of these diseases.

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Occurrence of Hepatitis A Virus in Water Matrices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 160 publications

Assessing the Prevalence of Astroviruses in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Assessing the Prevalence of Astroviruses in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review

Two years of longitudinal measurements of human adenovirus group F, norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, enterovirus, enterovirus D68, hepatitis A virus,Candida auris, and West Nile virus nucleic-acids in wastewater solids: A retrospective study at two wastewater treatment plants

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