Occurrence of green mold disease on Dictyophora rubrovolvata caused by Trichoderma koningiopsis

Abstract

Dictyophora rubrovolvata is an important edible mushroom that is widely cultivated in China. In 2019, a serious rot disease on D. rubrovolvata was observed in a mushroom production facility located in Ce Heng County, Southwest of Guizhou Province, China. The causal agent was identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene, and the RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) gene followed by phylogenetic analysis. Koch's postulates were confirmed by a pathogenicity test that was conducted with healthy D. rubrovolvata, including re-isolation and identification. To our knowledge, this is worldwide the first report of T. koningiopsis as a pathogen on D. rubrovolvata causing green mold disease.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Trichoderma Species Associated with Green Mold Disease on Mushrooms and Two New Pathogens on Ganoderma sichuanense

“…This species is mainly found in soil, twigs, and decayed leaves, and the sexual type is mostly found in wood. At present, T. koningiopsis has been reported to cause green mold of Phaiius rubrovolvata [ 91 ], and to our knowledge, this is the first time that it has caused green mold on G. sichuanense . Our sequences had high similarity to the T. koningiopsis sequence after BLAST, and the results of the phylogenetic tree also confirmed the correctness of the classification ( Figure 2 ).…”

“…To date, more than forty Trichoderma species have been reported to be associated with mushroom green mold disease. Trichoderma atroviride , T. harzianum , T. koningii , T. longibrachiatum , T. pseudokoningii , and T. viride are the six most commonly cited species causing disease on edible mushrooms ( Table 2 ), all of which could infect six to eleven species of cultivated mushrooms [ 61 , 64 , 68 , 73 , 83 , 91 , 119 , 122 , 123 ]. Before this study, there were seven known species that could cause G. sichuanense diseases, namely, T. koningii, T. longibrachiatum , T. pseudokoningii , T. viride , T. atrobrunneum , T. ganodermatis [ 47 ], and T. hengshanicum [ 87 ], while T. orientale can cause disease on G. applanatum [ 124 ].…”

Diversity and effects of competitive Trichoderma species in Ganoderma lucidum–cultivated soils

“…Both T. harzianum and T. atroviride are aggressive pathogens causing green mold diseases in Ganoderma mushrooms ( Lu et al, 2016 ; Yan et al, 2019 ). Several other Trichoderma spp., such as T. guizhouense , T. koningiopsis , and T. pleuroticola , are important pathogens in other mushrooms ( Innocenti et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2021 ). These Trichoderma spp.…”

Complete Genomic Characterization and Identification of Saccharomycopsisphalluae sp. nov., a Novel Pathogen Causes Yellow Rot Disease on Phallus rubrovolvatus

“…Yellow rot disease is a disastrous disease of P. rubrovolvatus. The diseased tissues rapidly become colonized by massive amounts of contaminating microorganisms so identifying the causal agent has been challenging [5][6][7][8]. To determine the cause of the disease, diseased samples at various stages were collected from the cultivation areas.…”

“…It takes 4-10 months from earthing to harvest. During the process, the mushroom is vulnerable to many environmental microorganisms [5][6][7]. Diseases are common in P. rubrovolvatus but it is difficult to detect them in the early stages.…”