Diversity and effects of competitive Trichoderma species in Ganoderma lucidum–cultivated soils

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is a well-known medicinal mushroom that has been extensively cultivated. Our previous study has shown that abundant Trichoderma colonies grow on the casing soil surface, posing cultivation obstacles for GL. However, an understanding of species-level characteristics of Trichoderma strains and their adverse effects on GL growth is limited. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and potential effects of Trichoderma from GL-cultivated soils. Over 700 Trichoderma isolates were collected from two trails in Longquan Country, southeast China. Eight Trichoderma species, including T. atrioviride, T. guizhouense, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. pleuroticola, T. sp. irale, and T. virens, were identified based on the combination alignment of tef-1α and rpb2 sequences. The number of Trichoderma colonies increased dramatically during GL cultivation, with an increase of 9.2-fold in the Lanju trail. T. virens accounted for the most colonies (33.33 and 32.50% in Lanju and Chengbei, respectively) at the end of GL cultivation. The Trichoderma species growth varied but was satisfactory under different temperature or pH conditions. Moreover, Trichoderma species showed different adverse effects on GL growth. The non-volatile metabolites from T. virens and volatile metabolites from T. atroviride displayed the strongest antagonistic activity. Furthermore, the volatile 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) showed a significant inhibitory effect on GL growth with an 8.79 μl mL−1 headspace of 50% effective concentration. The different Trichoderma spp. produced different amounts of 6-PP. The most efficient 6-PP producer was T. atroviride. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the abundance of competitive Trichoderma species associated with GL cultivation. Our results would contribute to.

Bacillus sp. alone or combined with salicylic acid inhibited Trichoderma spp. infection on harvested white Hypsizygus marmoreus

“…Since most Trichoderma spp. isolates share similar optimal growth conditions to those of mushrooms, it is infeasible to adjust pH value or temperature to control green mold disease ( Wang et al, 2022 ). The release of this kind of pathogen during mushroom transportation and storage, as well as its effects on long-term mushroom quality, are uncertain ( Turgay et al, 2023 ).…”

Locally Isolated Trichoderma harzianum Species Have Broad Spectrum Biocontrol Activities against the Wood Rot Fungal Species through Both Volatile Inhibition and Mycoparasitism

“…There are also reports of Trichoderma species used to control various wood rot fungal species, such as Ganoderma sp. [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], Rigidoporus microporus [ 17 ], Phellinus noxius [ 18 ], and Lasiodiplodia theobromae [ 19 , 20 ]. Two Trichoderma species were tested in preventing wood decay after inoculation into pruning wounds of Benin mahogany and Rain Tree [ 21 ] in Singapore.…”