Occurrence of Flavobacterium branchiophila associated with bacterial gill disease at a trout hatchery.

Heo, Gang‐Joon; Kasai, Kazuhiko; Wakabayashi, Hisatsugu

doi:10.3147/jsfp.25.99

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Since first reported in Vermont, USA (Davis 1926), bacterial gill disease (BGD) has been recognized as a serious problem in aquaculture throughout North America (Snieszko 1981, Daoust & Ferguson 1983, Bullock et al 1991, a s well as in Europe and Japan (Richards & Roberts 1978, Farkas 1985, Heo et al 1990). In Ontario, Canada, BGD is the most common disease of farmed fish and is regarded as a major limiting factor in salmonid production (Daoust & Ferguson 1983, Speare & Ferguson 1989.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of feeding on the development of bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

MacPhee¹,

Ostland²,

Lumsden³

et al. 1995

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Three trials were conducted to determine if feeding influenced the development of bacterial gill disease (BGD) in fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following bath exposure to Flavobacterium branchiophilum (LAB 4a). In each trial (Trial 1. n = 70 X 3; Trial 2, n = 140 X 3 ; Trial 3, n = 250 X 3), the comparison groups (fed, unfed, negative controls) were held in similar conditions and (where applicable) fed prior to exposure to the pathogen. Severe clinical signs and high rates of mortality developed within 24 h in fish which were provided feed following the bath exposure. Cumulative mortalities ranged from 43 to 63% by 12 d post-exposure Unfed fish demonstrated only mild and transient clinical signs of BGD, and cumulative mortalities of 0 to 2 % 12 d post-exposure. In one trial, resumption of feeding 6 d post-exposure resulted in 26% cumulative mortality within 7 d. Estimation of the quantity of F branchiophilum antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that feeding facilitated colonization of the gill. The evaluation of water quality and direct observations suggest that the influence of feeding on BGD is linked to the consumption of feed by the fish, rather than to environmental changes arising from feeding. Alterations in the unstirred layer on the gill, secondary to feed consumption and waste excretion, may aid bacterial colonization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of feeding on the development of bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

MacPhee¹,

Ostland²,

Lumsden³

et al. 1995

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…There are bacteria that are generically designated as secondary pathogenic organisms, or secondary invasive, that only manifest their pathogenic capacity when conditioned by a debilitated state of the host (Heo et al, 1990). On the other hand, there are bacteria that are primary pathogenic agents, or primary invasive, which can, on their own, start an infection if the host is subject to minor stress (Bruno, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bacterial infestation caused by human wastes on the skin structures of Mugil platanus Günther, 1880 (Mugilidae)

Langer¹,

Vargas

Flores-Lopes

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Biol.

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Manifestation of infectious pathologies in fishes usually increases in environments where organic wastes are disposed. Specimens of Mugil platanus Günther, 1880 and water samples collected at three points of the Tramandaí river were analyzed during a one year period. The macroscopic observation revealed ulcerations in the caudal peduncle area covered with a mass of amorphous and whitened tissues. Histopathologic analysis showed the presence of negative gram bacteria, probably responsible for alterations of the normal structure of the epidermic tissues. Non-parametric statistical analysis for ammonia concentration showed a significant variation among the three collected spots as well as in the multiple comparison between two spots. In this study, we describe cutaneous lesions observed in Mugil platanus specimens and tested their correlation with environmental ammonia concentration.Keywords: Mugil platanus, histopathology, ammonia. Efeitos da infestação de bactérias provocada por resíduos humanos na pele de Mugil platanus Günther, 1880 (Mugilidae) ResumoA manifestação de patologias infecciosas em populações de peixes costuma ser incrementada em ambientes onde são lançados despejos orgânicos. Exemplares da espécie Mugil platanus Günther, 1880 coletados em três pontos do rio Tramandaí foram utilizados para análise das alterações, e amostras de água foram tomadas durante o período de um ano para verificação da presença de bactérias. A observação macroscópica revelou ulcerações na região do pedúnculo caudal revestidas por uma massa de tecido amorfo e esbranquiçado. A análise histopatológica mostrou a presença de bactérias gram negativas, que provavelmente foram as responsáveis pela alteração da estrutura normal dos tecidos de revestimento do corpo. O resultado da análise estatística não paramétrica para a concentração de amônia mostrou variação significativa entre os três pontos amostrados bem como nas comparações múltiplas entre os pontos dois a dois. Este trabalho descreve as lesões cutâneas observadas em Mugil platanus e testa sua correlação com a concentração de amônia. -chave: Mugil platanus, histopatologia, amônia. Palavras

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“…Bacterial gill disease (BGD), one of the most common diseases of cultured salmonids in Ontario, Canada (Daoust & Ferguson 1983, Speare & Ferguson 1989, is caused by the Gram-negative filamentous organism Flavobacterium branchiophilum (Kimura et al 1978, Wakabayashi et al 1980, Farkas 1985, Heo et al 1990, Ferguson et al 1991, Ostland et al 1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common method to quantify this bacterium is by culturing serial dilutions of a gill tissue homogenate (Ostland et al 1990). However, the fastidious nature of F. branchiophilum results in poor recovery and inconsistent counts (Heo et al 1990, Ostland et al 1994. Furthermore, when it is necessary to sample a large number of fish, bacterial quantitation by culture becomes very labour intensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, when it is necessary to sample a large number of fish, bacterial quantitation by culture becomes very labour intensive. Other methods for the detection and quantitation of F. branchiophilum include the indirect fluorescent antibody technique (Heo et al 1990) and the observation of typical filamentous organisms on gill tissue by electron microscopy (Speare et al 1991a, b), light microscopy or gill tissue whole mounts. These methods all have the disadvantages of being inaccurate, slow, and subjective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to estimate the quantity of Flavobacterium branchiophilum on the gills of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Dd¹,

Ve²,

Js³

et al. 1995

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to estimate the quantity of Flavobacterium branchiophilum in crude gill extracts from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following bath exposure to the bacterium. The assay utilized the avidin-biotin system and polyclonal antiserum raised against the LAB 4a strain of F: branchiophilum. The detection threshold was ca 1 X 10"acteria rnl-', and during routine use the mean intra-assay and inter-assay variations were 6.7 % and 8.l'%, respectively The ELISA absorbance (405 nm) was proportional to the amounl of F branrh~o-phjlum present (within a range of antigen concentration of 0 to 80 000 cells ml-') whether whole bacterial cell preparations, g111 preparations splked with bacterial cells or extracts of infected gills were tested. In a comparison of whole cell preparations derived from the type strain of F branchiophilum (Amencan Type Culture Collection 35035), the LAB 4a strain and other common gill isolates (4 Flavobacten'um sp., a Flexlbactersp. and Aeromonas hydrophila), the assay proved specific for F branchiophiluni antigen. Adaption for field-collected samples is feasible, but will require further examination of the antigenic specificity, and re-optimization of the tissue sample concentration if gills from other species are to be tested. The ELISA is an achievable means of estimating the quantity of F: branchiophilum on the gills of large numbers of fish, and represents an important tool for bacterial gill disease research.

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Occurrence of Flavobacterium branchiophila associated with bacterial gill disease at a trout hatchery.

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of feeding on the development of bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Influence of feeding on the development of bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Effects of bacterial infestation caused by human wastes on the skin structures of Mugil platanus Günther, 1880 (Mugilidae)

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to estimate the quantity of Flavobacterium branchiophilum on the gills of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

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