“…The presence of cysticanths in the organs of the viscera of anurans, as found in this study, is usually indicative of a role as paratenic hosts [4,7,12]. According to Santos and Amato [12], paratenic hosts act as a trophic bridge between the intermediate and definitive host, concentrating and passing the cystacanths to the definitive host.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 59%
“…Apart from this established role, anurans also serve as intermediate hosts [1][2][3][4][5][6] or as paratenic hosts [3,[7][8][9][10][11][12], in the trophical transmission of helminth infections to a number of vertebrate hosts. Reports of these alternative roles have received the attention of various investigators in Europe [2,5,10,13,14], Canada [6], USA [1,8], and South America [4,11,12]. Except for the report of Jackson and Tinsley [9], discussing the use of hymenochirine anurans as transport hosts in camallanid nematode life cycles and the anecdotal reference of Aisien et al [15,16] to the same role in the amphibians of the savanna in Nigeria, there is a dearth of information on these phenomena in Africa.…”
Anurans from the rainforest (Okomu National Park) and derived savanna (Agbede) locations in Nigeria were investigated for their role either as intermediate or paratenic hosts of helminth infections. A total of 269 anuran specimens (157 from the Okomu National Park and 112 from Agbede) were examined. Metacercariae of a strigeoid trematode, two nematode species, a proteocephalid cestode, and an acanthocephalan were recovered from infected hosts. Except for the strigeoid trematode, which was only recorded in the rainforest, there was no ecological dichotomy in the distribution of the larval parasites recorded. Tree frogs from the rainforest only served as second intermediate hosts for the strigeoid trematode. The two nematode larvae (type I and type II) found in the body cavity of the infected host are believed to use them as paratenic hosts. Tree frogs were the predominant intermediate hosts of the proteocephalid cestode larvae in the rainforest, while Ptychadena and Phrynobatrachus spp. served this function in the derived savanna. The occurrence of cystacanths in the anurans from both biotopes confirms their known role as paratenic host for acanthocephalans. Afrixalus dorsalis is a new host record for the ascaridoid nematode while the finding of the strigeoid trematode, the proteocephalid cestode larvae and acanthocephalan cystacanths in the anurans investigated represents new geographical records.
“…The presence of cysticanths in the organs of the viscera of anurans, as found in this study, is usually indicative of a role as paratenic hosts [4,7,12]. According to Santos and Amato [12], paratenic hosts act as a trophic bridge between the intermediate and definitive host, concentrating and passing the cystacanths to the definitive host.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 59%
“…Apart from this established role, anurans also serve as intermediate hosts [1][2][3][4][5][6] or as paratenic hosts [3,[7][8][9][10][11][12], in the trophical transmission of helminth infections to a number of vertebrate hosts. Reports of these alternative roles have received the attention of various investigators in Europe [2,5,10,13,14], Canada [6], USA [1,8], and South America [4,11,12]. Except for the report of Jackson and Tinsley [9], discussing the use of hymenochirine anurans as transport hosts in camallanid nematode life cycles and the anecdotal reference of Aisien et al [15,16] to the same role in the amphibians of the savanna in Nigeria, there is a dearth of information on these phenomena in Africa.…”
Anurans from the rainforest (Okomu National Park) and derived savanna (Agbede) locations in Nigeria were investigated for their role either as intermediate or paratenic hosts of helminth infections. A total of 269 anuran specimens (157 from the Okomu National Park and 112 from Agbede) were examined. Metacercariae of a strigeoid trematode, two nematode species, a proteocephalid cestode, and an acanthocephalan were recovered from infected hosts. Except for the strigeoid trematode, which was only recorded in the rainforest, there was no ecological dichotomy in the distribution of the larval parasites recorded. Tree frogs from the rainforest only served as second intermediate hosts for the strigeoid trematode. The two nematode larvae (type I and type II) found in the body cavity of the infected host are believed to use them as paratenic hosts. Tree frogs were the predominant intermediate hosts of the proteocephalid cestode larvae in the rainforest, while Ptychadena and Phrynobatrachus spp. served this function in the derived savanna. The occurrence of cystacanths in the anurans from both biotopes confirms their known role as paratenic host for acanthocephalans. Afrixalus dorsalis is a new host record for the ascaridoid nematode while the finding of the strigeoid trematode, the proteocephalid cestode larvae and acanthocephalan cystacanths in the anurans investigated represents new geographical records.
“…and reptiles [3 records, generically referred as snakes, 2 for Drymobius bifossatus ( = Mastigodryas bifossatus (Raddi, 1820)], 1 for Herpetodryas sexcarinatus [incorrectly identified, being either Pseustes sexcarinatus (Wagler, 1824) or Chironius carinatus (Linnaeus, 1758)], both occurring in southeastern Brazil, and 1 for Ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus, 1758) (today considered a complex formed by many subspecies) as paratenic hosts. TORRES & PUGA (1996) and PUGA & TORRES (1999) recorded encysted cystacanths in paratenic hosts from Chile, which they identified as Centrorhynchus sp., although their drawings show that the acanthocephalans might belong to Sphaerirostris for having the proboscis with a spherical anterior portion and a larger number of hooks in the longitudinal rows.…”
Florida, USA to northern Argentina were found showing pigmentation dystrophy and harboring larval acanthocephalans. Photographic documentation of live and preserved, infected isopods is presented. Morphometric data and photomicrographs of the male, unencysted cystacanth specimen which allowed its placement in the genus Centrorhynchus Lühe, 1911 are presented. This is the first record of the phenomenon of pigmentation dystrophy in terrestrial isopod crustaceans, the first record of A. floridana infected by an acanthocephalan and the first record of a species of Centrorhynchus in a terrestrial isopod.]]>
“…Paracapillaria, Dracunculus and Physaloptera are considered generalists, being frequently reported infecting amphibians and reptiles (Torres and Puga, 1996;Timi et al, 2007;Moravec and Santos, 2009;Pereira et al, 2012).…”
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