Occurrence of crossed strand-exchange forms in yeast DNA during meiosis.

Bell, Leslie; Byers, Breck

doi:10.1073/pnas.76.7.3445

Cited by 89 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore, progress was greater when junctions were constructed from smaller pieces of DNA. Junctions were constructed from cloned (2,32,41) or synthesized (47) DNA by hybridizing appropriate sequences incapable of extensive branch migration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure of the Four-Way Junction in DNA

Lilley

Clegg

1993

Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct.

172

134

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure of the Four-Way Junction in DNA

Lilley

Clegg

1993

Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct.

172

134

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“…Chi structures, associated with 2,um circle yeast cells during meiosis, were mapped approximately to the two 599-bp repeats which contain the FRT sites (5). These chi structures could have been generated either by FLP protein or by the meiotic recombination system of the cell.…”

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confidence: 99%

Holliday intermediates and reaction by-products in FLP protein-promoted site-specific recombination.

Meyer-Leon¹,

Huang²,

Umlauf³

et al. 1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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Holliday structures are formed and resolved by FLP protein during site-specific recombination. These structures have been isolated and are visualized in both native and partially denatured states by electron microscopy. No single-strand breaks are found within the junction, indicating that the structure results from a reciprocal exchange of strands. These structures have properties consistent with being reaction intermediates. Double-strand cleavage products and "Y structures" are also detected and appear to be by-products of the reaction. The Y structures are three-armed branched molecules with a covalently closed junction located at the FLP recombination target site. Models are discussed, suggesting that both of these novel structures are made by aberrant cleavages during formation and resolution of the Holliday intermediate.Site-specific recombination systems appear to fall into at least two classes. One of these is referred to as the integrase family, which includes the FLP protein of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2,um plasmid, the lambda Int protein, and the Cre protein of bacteriophage P1 (2). The proteins, the reaction mechanisms, and the respective recombination target sites exhibit a number of important similarities. Each recombination site consists of a DNA spacer (also called a crossover or overlap sequence) flanked by two inverted repeats that serve as binding sites for the recombinase. The spacers are either 7 base pairs (bp) for Int (27) or 8 bp for Cre and FLP (16,20). In each case, homology is required between the spacers of recombining partners, suggesting that DNA:DNA pairing in this region is important during at least one stage of the reaction (3,19,37,38). The three recombinases make staggered cuts at or near the boundaries of the spacer and become covalently attached to the DNA via transient 3' phosphotyrosine linkages (10,15,18,36,38). The Int protein is the only one of the three which requires accessory proteins (1,31,34,42 (26,35).The FLP protein has been expressed in E. coli cells and purified to near homogeneity (9,14,31,45

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“…Branched molecules have been observed in cells infected with adenovirus type 2 (36) and also in a cell-free system derived from Xenopus oocytes (3). Branched forms of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmid 2,um that appear to contain a Holliday junction have been observed during meiosis (1). Furthermore, several types of X-shaped structures, including eye loops and fused junctions, have been identified in total cellular DNA isolated from pachytene-arrested yeast cells (2).…”

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confidence: 89%

Plasmid recombination intermediates generated in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell-free recombination system.

Morrison¹,

Kolodner²

1985

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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We have developed an assay utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell extracts to catalyze recombination in vitro between homologous plasmids containing different mutant alleles of the tet gene. Electrophoretic analysis of product DNA indicated that a number of novel DNA species were formed during the reaction. These species migrated through agarose gels as distinct bands with decreased electrophoretic mobility compared with the substrate DNA. The DNA from each individual band was purified and shown to be enriched 5-to 100-fold for tetracycline-resistant recombinants by using a transformation assay. The structure of the DNA molecules present in these bands was determined by electron microscopy. Recombination between circular substrates appeared to involve the formation and processing of figure-eight molecules, while recombination between circular and linear substrates involved the formation of molecules in which a circular monomer had a monomer-length linear tail attached at a region of homology.Genetic recombination is the process by which DNA molecules undergo rearrangement to generate new combinations of genes or parts of genes. Because meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae generally yields 6:2, 2:6, 5:3, and 3:5 segregants and rarely yields aberrant 4:4 segregants, recombination models involving the formation of asymmetric heteroduplex DNA have been proposed (18). This is in contrast to the original model proposed by Holliday, which hypothesizes the formation of symmetric regions of heteroduplex DNA (13). Asymmetric strand exchange could be initiated at the site of single-strand breaks in DNA. In support of this model, it has been shown that single-strand breaks in DNA accumulate during meiosis at the time of commitment to recombination (24). Double-strand breaks in DNA have been shown to be efficiently repaired by a recombination reaction in S. cerev'isiae (20,21,25). These data have led to the proposal of a model in which recombination initiates at the site of double-strand breaks and results in the formation of a joint molecule containing two Holliday junctions (28). This model can explain certain features of yeast meiotic recombination, such as the predominance of 5:3, 3:5, 6:2, and 2:6 segregants over aberrant 4:4 segregants and the observation that initiation of recombination frequently occurs on the chromatid that is the recipient of genetic information during gene conversion events (11,12

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Occurrence of crossed strand-exchange forms in yeast DNA during meiosis.

Cited by 89 publications

References 24 publications

The Structure of the Four-Way Junction in DNA

The Structure of the Four-Way Junction in DNA

Holliday intermediates and reaction by-products in FLP protein-promoted site-specific recombination.

Plasmid recombination intermediates generated in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell-free recombination system.

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