Occurrence of Conjugated Polyenoic Fatty Acids in Seaweeds from the Indian Ocean

Abstract

Three species of red marine macro algae (Rhodophyta) from the Indian Ocean were analysed for the occurrence of conjugated polyenes. The composition of different lipid classes in these seaweeds along with their fatty acid composition has also been reported. Analysis of lipid classes of these seaweeds revealed that both Acanthophora spicifera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) and two species of Gracilaria, viz. G. edulis and G. folifera (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) were rich in glycolipids followed by neutral- and phospholipids. The fatty acid composition of these seaweeds revealed C16:0 as the predominant fatty acid in all three species. However, A. spicifera had significantly higher amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) as compared to negligible amount of these fatty acids in both species of Gracilaria. The red seaweed Acanthophora spicifera contained conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (CEPA) and conjugated arachidonic acid (CAA) in all lipid classes except glycolipids.

Active ingredients fatty acids as antibacterial agent from the brown algae Padina pavonica and Hormophysa triquetra

“…The dominance of SFA in H. triquetra is in agreement with Mendes et al who noticed that, in general, all algae extracts presented higher amounts of SFA when compared with the PUFA [43] . This also accords with the findings of Bhaskar et al and Pereira et al [44,45] . Bhaskar et al reported that such high content of SFA was probably due to the influence of moderate water temperature of the location from which the algae was harvested [44] .…”

“…This also accords with the findings of Bhaskar et al and Pereira et al [44,45] . Bhaskar et al reported that such high content of SFA was probably due to the influence of moderate water temperature of the location from which the algae was harvested [44] . Mendes et al [43] mentioned that although lipid content in marine algae is usually low (less than 4%) [46] , their PUFA content is superior to that of terrestrial vegetables [47] .…”

Vibrio cholerae and Cholera biotypes

“…Cholera has been associated with consumption of fish in several countries: India (Pandit and Hora, 1951), Germany (Schürmann et al, 2002), Japan (Kiiyukia et al, 1992), Thailand and Srilanka (Plesnik and Prochazkova, 2006), Tanzania (Acosta et al, 2001), and Peru (Carvajal et al, 1988). Numerous reports (Huq et al, 1983;Dumontet et al, 1996;Bhaskar et al, 2004;Halpern et al, 2004;Jeffs et al, 2004) have pointed out that macroalgae, seafood, and marine crustaceans such as copepods and chironomid egg masses act as environmental reservoirs of V. cholerae. Wakeham et al (1997) suggested that the sediment of the equatorial Pacific Ocean is another environmental reservoir of V. cholerae.…”

Three New Unsaturated Fatty Acids from the Marine Green Alga Ulva fasciata Delile

“…They are bactericidal to important pathogenic microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, and mycobacteria [27 -32]. Despite of the enormous marine sources, there have been not many studies concerning the occurrence of conjugated fatty acids in the seaweeds [18].…”